Ferroelectric liquid crystalline conducting

Another interesting biological example that shows ferroelectric properties is voltage-dependent ion channels. These channels are glycoproteins located in the cell membrane, and they are found in either open or closed conformations. In the open conformation, these proteins are ion conductors. In the closed conformation, they become non-conducting, yet they still retain their ferroelectricity, even showing liquid crystalline properties [36,48]. 

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