Ferrocenyl naphthalene diimide

Figure 6.17 Differential-pulse voltammograms for the ferrocenyl naphthalene diimide indicator at the fiTlVmodified electrode before (curve a) and after (curve b) hybridization with dA2o- Also shown is the chemical structure of the indicator. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. 72.)...

Yamashita K., Takagi M., Kondo H., and Takenaka S., Electrochemical detection of nucleic base mismatches with ferrocenyl naphthalene diimide. Anal. Biochem., 306, 188-196, 2002. 

Indicators associating preferentially with ssDNA have been advantageously used with electrochemical DNA hybridization sensors. For instance, the phenothiazine dye methylene blue (MB) associates with unpaired guanine moieties. In dsDNA this interaction is hampered, which results in decrease in the current response due to MB reduction [22]. On the other hand, there are also ds-specific electroactive indicators such as the intercalator ferrocenyl naphthalene diimide, which results in a detection limit of 10 zmol at the differential pulse voltammetric mode [23,24]. 

New redox indicators, offering greater discrimination between ss- and ds-DNA are being developed for attaining higher sensitivity. Very successful has been the use of a threading intercalator ferrocenyl naphthalene diimide (END)... 

Takenaka S, Uto Y, Takagi M, Kondo H (2005) Enhanced electron transfer from glucose oxidase to DNA-immobilized electrode aided by ferrocenyl naphthalene diimide, a threading interealator. Chem Lett 27 989-990... 

---