Fermentation, aeration general requirements

Various species and many strains oiyAcetobacter are used in vinegar production (48,49). Aeration rates, optimum temperatures and nutrient requirements vary with individual strains. In general, fermentation alcohol substrates require minimal nutrient supplementation whde their addition is necessary for distilled alcohol substrates. 

The Corynebacterium glutamicum mutant generally is used industrially in direct fermentation of lysine. Molasses is the most common carbon source. Sufficient amounts (over 30 micrograms/liter) of biotin must be included in the medium to prevent the excretion of glutamic acid. This biotin requirement usually is met by using molasses as the carbon source. The fermentation runs at temperature about 28 to 33°C, and pH 6 to 8. High aeration is desirable. The final product concentration is around 60g/liter, and the fermentation cycle is 48 to 72 hours. The yield of lysine on carbohydrate is about 40 percent. The formation of lysine from molasses can be represented as follows ... 

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