Femur

In the knee, the menisci form an interarticular fibrocartilage base for femural and tibial articulation. The menisci form a crescent shape in the knee. The lateral meniscus is located on the outer side of the knee, and the medial meniscus is located on the inside of the knee. If the knee bends and twists the menisci can overstretch and tear. Menisci tears occur frequentiy and the knee can sustain more than one tear at a time. If not treated appropriately, however, a menisci tear can roughen the cartilage and lead to arthritis. A meniscus tear acts like grit in the ball bearings of a machine. The longer the torn tissue remains affected, the more irritation it causes. 

Fig. 11. Three views of a hip implant for joint replacement (a) insertion of the implant into the femur (b) implant in place and (c) femur and implant...

Figure 1.6 shows the implant for a replacement hip joint. In the operation, the head of the femur is cut off and the soft marrow is taken out to make a hole down the centre of the bone. Into the hole is glued a long metal shank which carries the artificial head. 

Fig. 1.6. The titanium alloy implant for a replacement hip joint. The long shank is glued into the top of the femur. The spherical head engages in o high-density polythene socket which is glued into the pelvic socket.

Schenkel-. femoral, crural, -bein, n. thigh bone, femur, -rohr, n., -rohre,/. bent tube, V-tube, elbow tube, elbow pipe. 

Jackson-Burrows, H., Wilson, J. N. and Scales, J. T., Excision of Tumors of Humerus and Femur with Restoration of Internal Prostheses , Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, STB, 148 (1975)... 

FEMur Finite element method universal resource Introduction to FEMur Learning Modules for the Finite Element... 

Interactive Learning Tools for Finite Element Method (FEMur-CAL)... 

Subsequent investigation into what features might distinguish the femur from Burial 8 initially foeused on the mineral fraction of a selection of Snake Hill femora. Energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis (JEOL JSM-35C SEM equipped with a TN-5500 X-ray analyzer) demonstrated consistent calcium to... 

Figure 7.1. Early diagrams showing the relationship between stresses created by forces on bones and the internal architecture of the skeleton (a) Culmann s calculation of the stress trajectories in a crane, (b) Wolff s drawing of the trabecular orientation in the upper part of the femur, and (c) a photograph of the cross-section of the upper part of the femur.

Arjmandi et al., 1996 95 d old OVX rats 30 d soy protein with isoflavones (8 mg/d) starting at OVX Prevention of bone loss soy protein/isoflavones prevented the BMD losses in the femur and d lumbar vertebra after OVX... 

Anderson et al., 1998 OVX, lactating rats low calcium diet genistein-rich protein source 3 doses isoflavones (0.5, 1.6, 5.0 mg/d) for 2 weeks A biphasic response to genistein was observed for bone weight (femur ash) low dose more protective than high dose... 

An overall osteoprotective effect is associated with soy diets, the major active component being the isoflavones although the contribution (if any) of soy protein has to be clarified. The spine, rather than the femur, appears to be the most consistently protected bone site. The average daily intake in Japanese women is around 50 mg/day and appears to be sufficient to have a long-term protective effect on the spine. In non-Asian, postmenopausal women, the demonstrated effective dose is 80-90 mg/day. In future clinical studies, investigating the effect of isoflavones on bone metabolism, larger scale, randomized, controlled, intervention trials for longer time periods (1-3 years) will be necessary with a standardized source of soy protein/isoflavones and... 

Hematogenous Neonates Prepubertal children Long bones (femur, tibia) Long bones (femur, tibia) Staphylococcus aureus,3 E. coli, group B streptococci 5. aureus Nafcillin and cefotaxime Nafcillin or cefazolin... 

Polig E. 1976. Topographic analysis of the micro distribution of 241 Am in the rat femur as influenced by DTPA treatment. RadiatRes 67 128-141. 

Twenty-four hours after application of 2.094 g TOCP labeled with radioactive phosphorus to a 15x20 cm area of clipped and depilated abdominal skin, radioactivity was detected in the following tissues in a dog, listed in order of decreasing concentration (counts per gram of tissue) skin and facia at site of application, liver, omental fat, blood, kidney, lung, muscle (triceps femoris), spinal cord, heart, spleen = brain = sciatic nerve, and bone (femur) (Hodge and Sterner 1943). 

Rat 1 -12 months Musc/skel 7.5 M (Decreased femur Gruber et al. 

Al-Batshan H.A., Scheideler S.E., Black B.L., Garlich J.D. and Anderson K.E. (1994). Duodenal calcium uptake, femur ash, and eggshell quality decline with age and increase following molt , Poultry Science, 73, 1590-1596. 

Lma = L d + (G.I. contents - Fe4d, where L d and (G.I. contents are the amounts of nuclide in liver and G.I. contents 4 days after injection, and Fe4d is the cumulative fecal excretion at 4 days. b Calculated from data for humeruB and femur. 

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