FEM studies

Structure on the fluorescent screen. By comparing the metal ion image with FIM and FEM, it is confirmed that the metal ions come from the single-atom protrusions on the tip apex. The FIM and FEM studies also confirmed that most of the protrusions generated through this process ended with a single metal atom. 

These results are supported by volumetric studies [52,54]. With both nickel and palladium there is a slow self-hydrogenation at —78°C. This becomes increasingly important as the temperature is increased at 0°C the overall hydrogen/carbon ratio in the surface species is 1.5, falling to 1.0 at room temperature. Field emission microscopic (FEM) studies of ethylene adsorption on iridium [56] and tungsten [57] are also satisfactorily... 

Fig. 10.17 The counter- and co-rotating thin-flight, open C-shaped channels used in the three-dimensional FEM study of Katziguara et al. (32). The two-screw configurations are identical except for the sense of rotation. [Reprinted by permission from T. Katziguara, Y. Nagashima, Y. Nakano, and K. Funatsu, A Numerical Study of TSEs by 3-D Flow Analysis - Development of Analysis Technique and Evaluation of Mixing Performance for Full Flight Screws, Polym. Eng. Sci., 36, 2142 (1996).]...

In order to produce supported samples for STM or FEM study, clusters formed on the centerline of the condensation reactor are extracted through a 1 mm diameter capillary into a vacuum chamber typically kept at 10-5 Torr. The resulting supersonic free jet flow is collimated to form a molecular beam of metal clusters, uncondensed metal atoms and inert gas atoms. 

Williamson R.L., Rabin B.H. and Byerly G., "Residual Stresses in Joined Ceramic-Metal Structures FEM Studies on Interlayer and Creep Effects", in 3rd International Symposium on Structural and Functional Gradient Materials, ed. Ilschner, B. and Cherradi, N., PPUR, Lausanne, (1994), 215-221. 

R. L. Williamson, B. H. Rabin and G. E. Byerly, "FEM Study of the Effects of Interlayers and Creep in Redueing Residual Stresses and Strains in Ceramic-Metal Joints," Composites Eng., 5 [7] 851-863 (1995). 

Klein and co-workers (182, 183) using FEM studies suggest that niobium (183) and tantalum (182) interact in a very similar way with CO at low temperatures. This might well be expected, both from their proximity in the periodic table and also because of the closeness of their atomic diameters (Nb 2.85 A Ta 2.86 A, compared with W 2.77 A). The complexity of the CO adsorption process on these metals has been shown to be as great as on previously described systems. 

The Finite Element Method (FEM) study was performed to calculate the potential distribution of the electric field caused by the change in geometry of the stimualtion site. The smdy was simulated with COMSOL Multiphysics 4.2 . A two dimensional finite element model was created with a cross section of the electrode array in perilymph to evaluate the electric field. For simplicity purpose the three dimensional study was avoided and all the cochlear tissues were considered purely resistive. More details of the FEM analysis study can be found elsewhere [47]. 

The effect or on resolution was also examined both theoretically and experimentally. In an FEM study, spherical particles of various sizes were simulated and imaged at different In every instance, as decreased, particle dimensions such as height and width were more accurately measured. The same result was observed experimentally when raised bands on a silicon wafer were imaged at two different set points. Topographic images of the two situations qualitatively showed better resolution achieved with smaller Dp, values. Quantitatively, overlaid line scans of both images indicate smaller more closely approximated the true dimensions of the raised band feature than when the probe was farther from the surface. The importance of imaging with small Dp, is underscored in these studies. 

PL Rinderu, ET Rinderu, L Gruionu, and C Bratianu, (2003) A FEM study of aortic haemodynamics in the case of stenosis, Acta of bioengineering and biomechanics, 5(2)... 

The field emission microscope (FEM), invented in 1936 by Muller [59, 60], has provided major advances in the structural study of surfaces. The subject is highly developed and has been reviewed by several groups [2, 61, 62], and only a selective, introductory presentation is given here. Some aspects related to chemisorption are discussed in Chapter XVII. 

Nothing is known about the identity of the iron species responsible for dehydrogenation of the substrate. Iron-oxo species such as FeIV=0 or Fem-OOH are postulated as the oxidants in most heme or non-heme iron oxygenases. It has to be considered that any mechanistic model proposed must account not only for the observed stereochemistry but also for the lack of hydroxylation activity and its inability to convert the olefinic substrate. Furthermore, no HppE sequence homo-logue is to be found in protein databases. Further studies should shed more light on the mechanism with which this unique enzyme operates. 

HAMILTON-MILLER J M T aud SHAH s (1999) Disorganization of cell division of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by a component of tea Camellia sinensis) a study by electron microscopy , FEMS Microbiology Letters, 176, 463-9. 

P. J. Robinson, J. T. Walker, C. W. Keevil, and J. Cole, Reporter genes and fluorescent-probes for studying the colonisation of biofilms in a drinking-water supply line by enteric bacteria. FEMS Microbiol. 729 183 (1995). 

It is well known that the energy profiles of Compton scattered X-rays in solids provide a lot of important information about the electronic structures [1], The application of the Compton scattering method to high pressure has attracted a lot of attention since the extremely intense X-rays was obtained from a synchrotron radiation (SR) source. Lithium with three electrons per atom (one conduction electron and two core electrons) is the most elementary metal available for both theoretical and experimental studies. Until now there have been a lot of works not only at ambient pressure but also at high pressure because its electronic state is approximated by free electron model (FEM) [2, 3]. In the present work we report the result of the measurement of the Compton profile of Li at high pressure and pressure dependence of the Fermi momentum by using SR. 

Spring, S. Schulze, R. Overmann, J. Schleifer, K. H. Identification and characterization of ecologically significant prokaryotes in the sediment of freshwater lakes Molecular and cultivation studies. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 2000, 24, 573-590. 

In these last researches, a continuous feedback between the process study and the prototype design and development was established. In this way FEM (Finite element method) simulation has provided useful information about geometry, ultrasound intensity distribution and structural material coupling [37, 48, 49] for the design of an optimized sonoelectrochemical reactor. 

Eberl L, Schulze R, Ammendola A, Geisenberger O, Erhart R, Sternberg C, Molin S, Amann R (1997) Use of green fluorescent protein as a marker for ecological studies of activated sludge communities. FEMS Microbiol Lett 149 77-83... 

R. Bos, H. Van. Der. Mei, H. Busscher (1999) J. Physico-chemistry of initial microbial adhesive interactions-its mechanisms and methods for study. FEMS Micriobiol. Rev, 23 179-230... 

Laverman and coworkers have reported activation parameters for the aqueous solution reactions of NO with the iron(II) and iron(III) complexes of the water soluble porphyrins TPPS andTMPS (21). These studies involved systematic measurements to determine on and kQ as functions of temperature (298—318 K) and hydrostatic pressure (0.1—250 MPa) to determine values of AH, AS and AV for the on and off reactions of the ferri-heme models and for the on reactions of the ferro-heme models (Table II). Figure 2 illustrates hydrostatic pressure effects on kOTL and kQff for Fem(TPPS). 

The H20 exchange mechanism was studied by Hunt et al. (32) who reported that exchange between aqueous solvent and Fein(TPPS)(H20)2 occurs with a first-order rate constant (kex = 1.4xl07s-1 in water at 298 K) far exceeding the k0 s values determined at any [NO]. If the steady state approximation was applied with regard to the intermediate Fem(Por)(H20), the kohs for the exponential relaxation of the non-equilibrium mixture generated by the flash photolysis experiment would be,... 

Activation parameters for the reaction of NO with metMb, Eq. (15), were determined in this laboratory and in collaboration with van Eldik and Stochel (Table II) (23). Comparison of these activation parameters with those determined for reactions of NO with the water soluble ferri-heme complexes Fem(TPPS)(H20)2 and Feni(TMPS)(H20)2 (Table II) demonstrate that the latter compounds represent reasonable models for the kinetics for the analogous reaction with metMb. For example, the kon step would appear to be defined largely by the H20 lability of metMb(H20), although it is clear that the diffusion through protein channels, the distal residues and the proximal histidine binding to the Fe(III) center must all influence the NO binding kinetics (23,24). These properties may indeed be reflected in the lower AS values for both the on and off reactions on metMb. In a related study, Cao et al. recently... 

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