Faure and Jones

A compilation of all Sr/ Sr ratios of soil salts from Ross Island measured by Jones et al. (1983) and by Faure and Jones (1989) in Fig. 16.23 reveals a strongly bimodal distribution. The salts from the summit of Mt. Erebus have low Sr/ Sr ratios between 0.70339 3 and 0.70353 3, whereas the soil salts along the coast of Ross Island have consistently higher Sr/ Sr ratios that range from 0.70707 to 0.70912. These results support the hypothesis that the soil salts on Ross Island contain strontium of volcanic and marine origin in varying proportions. The salts that are forming in the vicinity of the active volcanic vent on... 

This hypothesis was subseqnently confirmed by measurements of the isotopic compositions of sulfur published by Faure and Jones (1989). The isotopic composition of snlfur is expressed by the parameter which is defined as ... 

The patterns apparent at both locations indicate that the transport of marine strontium and sulfur decreases with increasing elevation and distance from the coast. The trend is reversed in areas where prevailing winds favor the transport of marine salt up-slope or where excessive melting of snow releases marine salts into the environment. Faure and Jones (1989) noted that the water of McMurdo Sound at Cape Bird is ice-free somewhat longer than at Cape Royds which may explain why the marine component is more abundant at Trachyte Hill (Cape Bird) than at Cape Royds. 

Mauche R., Faure G., Jones L.M. and Hoefs J., 1989, Anomalous isotopic compositions of Sr, Ar and 0 in the mesozoic diabase dykes of Liberia, West Africa. Contrib. Mineral. PetTol, 101, 12-18. 

Meisch A.T., 1969, The constant sum problem in geochemistry. In Merriam D.F. (ed.), Computer applicatiom in the earth sciertces. Plenum Press, New York, pp.. 161-176. Mensing T.M., Faure G., Jones L.M., Bowman J.R. and Hoefs J., 1984, Petrogenesis of the Kirkpatrick basalt, Solo Nunatak, northern Victoria Land Antarctica, based upon isotopic compositions of strontium, oxygen and sulfur. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 87, 101-108. 

Faure G, Jones LM, Owen LB (1974) Isotopic composition of strontium and geologic history of the basement rocks of Wright Valley, southern rictoria Land, Antarctica. New Zealand J Geol Geophys 17(3) 611-627... 

Fig. 3.14 Rb-Sr isochron defined by whole-rock samples of two Vanda Porphyry dikes (R1 and R2) and K-feldspar concentrates (FI and F2). The date of 460 7 Ma is the crystallization age of these dikes which were intruded into the metasedimentary rocks of the Asgard Formation, and into the plutonic igneous rocks of the Granite Harbor Intrusives in Wright Valley during the Middle Ordovician Epoch after the Ross Orogeny (Plotted from data by Jones and Faure 1967)...

The Rb-Sr isochron method was used by Jones and Faure (1967) in Section 3.4.2 to date whole-rock samples and separated alkali feldspars of two Vanda porphyry dikes in Wright Valley. A least-squares regression of the data points in Fig. 3.14 yields a slope (m) ... 

Faure G, HUl RL, Jones LM, Elliot DH (1972) Isotope composition of strontium and silica content of Mesozoic basalt and dolerite from Antarctica, In Adie RJ (eds) Antarctic geology and geophysics. Universitetsforiaget, Oslo, Norway, pp... 

Faure G, Bowman JR, Elliot DH, Jones LM (1974) Strontium isotope composition and petrogenesis of the Kirkpatrick Basalt, Queen Alexandra Range, Antarctica. Contrib Mineral... 

Faure G, Mensing TM, Jones LM, Hoefs J, Kibler EM (1991) Isotopic and geochemical studies of Ferrar Dolerite siUs in the Transantarctic Mountains. In Ulbrich H, Rocha Campos AC (eds) Gondwana Seven Proceedings. Instituto Geociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, pp 669-683... 

Faure G, Elliot DH (1971) Isotope composition of strontimn in Mesozoic basalt and dolerite from Dronning Maud Land. British Antarctic Surv Bull 25 23-27 Faure G, Mensing TM (2005) Isotopes Principles and applications, 3rd edn. WUey, Hoboken, NJ Faure G, HiU RL, Jones LM, EUiot DH (1972) Isotope composition of strontium and silica content of Mesozoic basalt and dolerite from Antarctica. In Adie RJ (ed) Antarctic geology and geophysics. Universitetsforlaget, Oslo, Norway, pp 617-624... 

Jones EM, Walker RL (1972) Geochemistry of the McMurdo Volcanics, Victoria Land, Part l Strontium isotope composition. Antarctic J US 7(5) 142-144 Jones LM, Faure G, Taylor KS, Corbatd CE (1983) The origin of salts on Mount Erebus and along the coast of Ross Island, Antarctica. Isot Geosci (Chem Geol) 1 56-64 Jordan H (1981) Tectonic observations in the HaUett volcanic province, Antarctica. Geologisches Jahrbuch, Reihe G,41 111-125... 

Layers of ice containing disseminated particles of volcanic origin (i.e., tephra) are a common feature of blue ice areas and in the vicinity of volcanic vents in the Transantarctic Mountains. Volcanic tephra have also been found in the ice cores drilled at South Pole Station, Dome C, Vostock Station, and at Byrd Station, as well as in the glacial deposits that cover the floor of Wright Valley (Jones et al. 1973b Boger and Faure 1988). 

Faure G, Kallstrom ML, Mensing TM (1984) Classification and age of terrestrial boulders in the Elephant and Reckling moraines. Antarctic J US 19(5) 28-29 Faure G, Taylor KS, Jones LM (1986) Hydrothermal calcite in the Elephant Moraine. Antarctic J US 21(5) 21 Faure G, Strobel ML, Hagen EH, Buchanan D (1987) Glacial geology of the Reckling Moraine on the East Antarctic ice sheet. Antarctic J US 22(5) 61-63... 

Faure G, Hoefs J, Jones LM, Curtis JB, Pride DE (1988) Extreme depletion in calcite and chert clasts from the Elephant Moraine on the East Antarctic ice sheet. Nature 332 352-354 Faure G, Grootes P, Buchanan D, Hagen EH (1992) Oxygen isotope stndy of the ice fields snrronnding the Redding Moraine on the East Antarctic ice sheet. In Elliot DH (ed) Contribntions to Antarctic Research. Antarctic Research Series, III, vol. 57. American Geophysical Research, Washington, DC, pp 15-26... 

The profiles of the isotopic composition and concentration of strontium in Fig. 19.40 measured by Jones and Faure (1967) demonstrate that the Sr/ Sr ratios of the water in Lake Vanda are constant at all levels in the lake including the basal brine at 60 m, but that the concentrations vary with depth much like the concentrations of sodium in Fig. 19.34. Soil samples leached with acidified water and even a bulk sample of... 

Fig. 19.40 The Sr/ Sr ratios of strontium in Lake Vanda vary only between 0.7146 and 0.7150 and are essentially independent of depth in the water. These ratios are different from the Sr/ Sr ratios of basalt (0.7043) and seawater (0.7094) which indicates that the strontium in Lake Vanda did not originate from these sources. The concentrations of strontium range from 0.141 ppm at 4 m to 67.1 ppm at 60 m and were plotted as the logarithms to the base 10 in order to accommodate the wide range of variation. The concentration profile identifies chemoclines at depth of about 15 and 50 m below the surface of the ice (Data from Jones and Faure 1967)...

Lake Bonney in Fig. 10.3 is located in the western part of Taylor Valley about 30 km from the coast. It is about 6 km long, 1 km wide and is 32 m deep. The lake has two lobes that are connected by a narrow channel which has widened and deepened during the twentieth century because of the increase of the water level in the lake (Shirtcliffe 1964 Jones and Faure 1968, 1978 Chinn 1993). Lake Bonney is perennially covered by ice that is about 4 m thick but during the summer a moat less than 10 m wide forms around the periphery of the lake, while the eastern end of the lake actually becomes ice-free. 

The density of the water in Lake Bonney increases with depth in Fig. 19.42 and identifies the three principal layers of the lake. The dilute water under the ice is underlain by a transitional layer in which the density at 20°C increases from 1.0080 g/mL at 9 m to 1.1509 g/ mL at 17 m. The density of the water at the bottom of the lake from 17 to 30 m is nearly constant at an average valne of 1.1754 0.0082 g/mL. The density at the base of the brine layer at the bottom of Lake Bonney is 1.1932 g/mL (Jones 1969 Jones and Faure 1978). 

The Sr/ Sr ratio of strontium leached from the soil in the vicinity of Lake Bonney (0.7136) is similar to the Sr/ Sr ratio of strontium in the lake (Jones and Faure 1968, 1978). The brine discharged by the Taylor Red Cone at the terminus of the Taylor Glaeier also has an Sr/ Sr ratio of 0.7136. These results suggest that the salts dissolved in Lake Bonney are largely derived by chemical weathering of silicate minerals in the soil in the Bonney watershed. Therefore, the provenance of salts in Lake Bonney closely resembles the derivation of salts in Lake Vanda. The Sr/ Sr ratios of water in the lakes of Taylor Valley and in soil salts decrease in Fig. 19.45 from Lake Bonney to the eoast of McMurdo Sound due to the increasing abundanee of marine strontium (Jones and Faure 1978). 

Fig. 19.45 The Sr/ Sr ratios of water and glacial ice in Taylor Valley decrease down-valley from 0.7136 in the brine discharged at the terminus of the Taylor Glacier (Taylor Red Cone) to 0.7092 in soil at Lake Fryxell located close to the coast. The systematic decrease of the Sr/ Sr ratios in this profile indicates that strontium of marine origin becomes increasingly abundant and dominates at the eastern end of Taylor Valley. The low Sr/ Sr ratios of water in Lake Fryxell (0.7090) and soil salts near that lake (0.7089) were first published by Jones and Faure (1968) (This diagram was adapted from Fig. 3 of Jones and Faure 1978)...

The regional variation of Sr/ Sr ratios in the lakes and leached from soil of Taylor Valley reported by Jones and Faure (1968, 1978) in Fig. 19.45 was confirmed and elaborated and by Lyons et al. (2002) who measured the Sr/ Sr ratios of 15 meltwater streams identified in Fig. 19.46. The data are listed in Appendix 19.9.4 and are presented graphically in Fig. 19.49. The Sr/ Sr ratios of the meltwater streams in each drainage basin of Taylor Valley range both above and below the Sr/ Sr ratio of the respective lakes and thereby reveal the existence of differences in the ages... 

Jones LM, Faure G (1978) A study of strontium isotopes in lakes and surficial deposits of the ice-free valleys, southern Victoria Land, Antarctica. Chem Geol 22 107-120 Jones LM, Faure G (1968) Origin of the salts in Taylor Vrilley. Antarctic JUS 3(5) 177-178... 

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