Famine breads

In times of war and famine bread has to be made from what ever is available. Some of the most desperate bread making was during the siege if Leningrad in World War II. The defenders were reduced to a recipe with 50% rye flour with sawdust and cotton seed added. 

Phloem is a common term used to describe the inner layer of the pine tree. As already mentioned phloem powder was used to compensate for the shortage of flour in bread-making during times of famine in Finland and other Nordic... 

They answered Jeremiah saying, The Word that thou hast spoken unto us in the name of the Lord we will not hearken unto thee, but will certainly do whatsoever thing goeth out of our own mouth, to bum incense unto the Queen of Heaven and to pour out drink offerings unto her, as we have done, we and our fathers, our kings and our princes, in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jemsalem for then had we plenty of bread, and were well, and saw no evil. But since we left off to bum incense to the Queen of Heaven and to pour out drink offerings unto her, we have wanted all and have been consumed by the sword and by the famine. 

Breads date back thousands of years, in war and in peace, in famine and in plenty, to the discovery of wheat, the invention of milling, and the development of baking. 

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