Failures categories

Indications Edema associated with congestive heart failure Category Diuretic, loop Half-life 1-1.5 hours... 

Trade names Amcoral Cartonic Vestistol Indications Congestive heart failure Category Phosphodiesterase inhibitor Half-life 4.6 hours... 

Indications Acutely decompensated congestive heart failure Category Hormone, polypeptide Natriuretic Half-life 18 minutes... 

Buildings and structures that represent a low hazard to human life in the event of failure Category 1... 

Many incidents start with the failure of a piece of equipment. Equipment failure categories include ... 

A single PEC (Figure F-2) represents a minimum system. No fault tolerance is provided by this system. No failure mode protection is provided. The electronic circuits can fail safely (outputs de-energized, open circuit) or dangerously (outputs frozen or energized, short circuit). Since the effects of on-line diagnostics should be modeled, four failure categories are included ... 

A functional FMEA may be conducted at any system level (e.g. the FH As in Section 3.3 can also be entitled Functional FMEAs) and is concerned with the function of the system under consideration and how that function might fad. The basic failure categories will be identical to those described in Section 3.2.2. 

The piece-part FMEA analyses the failure modes of each individual component (i.e. the smallest individual part) contained within the item under consideration. It therefore starts with a hst of all the components to he covered, and a Bill of Materials (BOM) is often a key input. The basic failure categories are (1) Complete failure, (2) Partial Failure and (3) Intermittent Failure. 

The results of module functionality checks will be recorded during the test using computer technology. If the module auto check shows deviation from the required state, the module will be considered to be in fault and a failure detection time is viewed as a performance time during which the module functionality was checked and deviation from the required state was recorded. An identified failure category is also recorded. After failure occurrence a module is removed from the test and replaced by a new one. 

Failure category IV includes such pistol and ammunition failures that do not cause any consequences to shooter, asset or environment (STANAG 4297). 

Failure category II includes pistol and ammunition failures that cause severe injiuy or iUness, severe damage of asset or major damage to environment. Severe injury or illness disables the shooter for more than one day. Severe damage to asset canses that the asset is ont o f order and unserviceable for fulfilling tasks for more than one day. 

The quantification of measures of failure occurrence probability Qi(t) - Qiv(t) includes only those failures that belong to the given failure category. 

Statistical estimation of the failure rate for individual failure categories can be calculated as follows ... 

In addition, the proposed method can also be used in different fields and not just for display information, by modifying the failure categories and guidewords. Furthermore, the method can also be used for functionality which is given by hardware or combinations of hardware and software. Statistical failure rates cannot be determined because of the qualitative character of the method. 

Part of the information is used in the FRACAS database to better identify and classify failure categories and for data processing (failure rates per failure code/failure class). 

Table 1. Requested, predicted and effective MTBF values of the trainbome sub-system for three failure categories. 

Failure category Requested ( ) MTBFreq [years] Predicted MTBFpr [years] Effective MTBFeff [years]... 

The MTBF estimation based on the results of field failure statistic carried out for the fleet consisting of 468 vehicles during more than 3 years, has demonstrated that the requested MTBF values for the significant und major failure categories are satisfied. 

Times between failures category includes models that provide estimates of the times between failures (see subsequent subsection, lelinski and Moranda s model). 

Times between failures category Criticality level Operational profile Failure count Time between two failures... 

No. Test technique Failures Category of Product Remarks Literature/... 

Table 10. Assignment of the test technique to the failure category...

The failure categories in lEC 61508 relate to failures arising from both random hardware failures and systematic failures. The challenge to anyone designing a... 

Failure category Failure can be classified into three categories such as primary, secondary, and command. Primary faults are those which occur within the design category of the component, for example, when an electronic component is designed to operate up to a temperature T°C and if it fails at a temperature t°C < T°C, then it is a primary failure. But if it is operated at Ti°C... 

Individual units may have different failure rates some may fail during early stage while some may survive until normal life or even during wear out stage. Failure categories of different individual units have been shown in Fig. VII/1.2.2-2 (to show variations). 

DO-178C and DO-254 identify five levels of criticality tied to possible aircraft failure categories while DO-278A introduces a sixth level even though it is still describing criticality associated with safe aircraft operations. 

PEMFC chemical, thermal and mechanical degradation. These overarching failure categories can contain numerous individual failure modes that a PEMFC can experience. 

An account of important coating failures is given below. Only selected failure categories are described here. 

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