Factors Influencing Velocity and other

Detonation, Factors Influencing Velocity and Other Properties of Explosives in. 

The strong influence exerted by many of these factors, particularly degree of confinement and charge diameter, shows that the energy release which is initiated in the detonation front does not occur instantaneously. Hence, any theory must take account of the lateral expansion [See Detonation (and Explosion), Lateral Expansion in, etc] 

Refs 1) J.L. Copp A.R. Ubbelohde, The Effects of Inert Components on Detonation , TrFaradSoc 44, 658-69(1948) 2) R.B. 

Parlin D.W. Robinson, Effect of Charge Radius on Detonation Velocity , UnivUtah-Inst for Study of Rate Processes, Contract N7-onr-45107, TR VII, Oct 1952 3) M.E. 

Malin et al, Particle Size Effects in Explosives at Finite and Infinite Diameters , jApplPhys 28, 63-69(Jan 1957) 4) G.J. 

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Some addnl refs on this subject are given in this Vol under "Characteristics of Explosives and Propellants in Sectionl [Compare with "Detonation (and Explosion), Factors Influencing Velocity and Other properties of Explosives]... 

Factors Influencing Velocity and Other Properties of Explosives. See Vol 4, p D347-L, under Detonation, Factors Influencing Velocity and Other Properties of Explosives in ... 

Detonation, factors influencing velocity and other properties of expls in 4 D347... 

Current density requirements depend on the environment, galvanic effects, velocities and other factors influencing polarisation. In the absence of galvanic influences or other secondary effects 30mA/m may be sufficient in sea-water to maintain adequate polarisation for protection once it has been achieved it is however normally necessary to apply 100-150 mA/m to achieve initial polarisation within a reasonable period and if rapid protection is required, current densities as high as 500 mA/m may be applied. 

Erosion-corrosion is a fairly complex failure mode influenced by both environmental factors and metal characteristics. Perhaps the most important environmental factor is velocity. A threshold velocity is often observed below which metal loss is negligible and above which metal loss increases as velocity increases. The threshold velocity varies with metal and environment combinations and other factors. 

Several laboratory studies have contributed to our understanding of turbulent chemical plumes and the effects of various flow configurations. Fackrell and Robins [25] released an isokinetic neutrally buoyant plume in a wind tunnel at elevated and bed-level locations. Bara et al. [26], Yee et al. [27], Crimaldi and Koseff [28], and Crimaldi et al. [29] studied plumes released in water channels from bed-level and elevated positions. Airborne plumes in atmospheric boundary layers also have been studied in the field by Murlis and Jones [30], Jones [31], Murlis [32], Hanna and Insley [33], Mylne [34, 35], and Yee et al. [36, 37], In addition, aqueous plumes in coastal environments have been studied by Stacey et al. [38] and Fong and Stacey [39], The combined information of these and other studies reveals that the plume structure is influenced by several factors including the bulk velocity, fluid environment, release conditions, bed conditions, flow meander, and surface waves. 

Based on mechanistic models of particle-based wear, other nonlinear (nonunity power) dependencies on pressure and velocity have also been proposed [44,61]. Clear experimental evidenee for such dependencies remains to be found, particularly to isolate or remove the influence of other factors (e.g., slurry flow) that might also indirectly be influenced by pressure and velocity (and thus change rather than the primary PV product dependency). 

Temperature Increased ad-/absorption of hydrogen cyanide as well as—under otherwise identical conditions—decreased velocity of individual reactions with falling temperature strong increase on water content, and therefore a strongly positive net influence upon all other factors with a falling temperature. 

X-ray emission rates in simple molecules have been extensively studied by Larkins and his group [10,11]. Larkins and Rowlands [12] made the MO calculations with the complete-neglect-of-differential-overlap (CNDO/2) method and pointed out that there are significant contributions of interatomic transitions to the C K x-ray emission rates in CO, HCN, and CO2 molecules, but relative intensities are less sensitive to inclusion of crossover transitions. Applying the ab initio MO method to CO, they also examined [13] various factors influencing the molecular x-ray emission rate, such as choice of basis set, choice of length and velocity forms, electronic relaxation effect, and interatomic contributions. Phillips and Larkins extended their calculations to other simple molecules [14,15]. 

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