Facing danger severity

The general experience of public bodies and companies demonstrates that 70% of SMEs using chemicals are faced with excessive market demands with the current obhgations imposed by the Dangerous Substances Order. The monitoring authorities are also faced with excessive demands to enforce its execution. Several strategies can be apphed to solve the problem. 

Caution. Nitrosyl chloride is a severe respiratory irritant. The operations must be performed behind a safety shield in a well-ventilated hood. Because of the danger of explosion a face shield should be worn at all times. Heavy gloves should be worn when handling glass vessels that contain gases at high pressure. 

Women s privacy need is relevant to their security need. According to Islamic jurispradence, privacy rales are based on the notion that women arouse men s sexual appetite, which exposes the women to danger. Thus, privacy rules, according to Islam, are precaution mechanisms that decrease women s exposirre to men and contribute to their protection. Although the Islamic perspective may not comply with other Muslim or cultural perspectives, particularly as such an issue is dependent on the nature of both women and men, it is relevant to women s security in urban public spaces. Several studies about women s use of cities show that among the major problems which women face in public spaces in the USA and Europe are the fear of harm and sexual attack (Worpole 1992 Karp et al. 1991). In general, results of these studies comply with the concept of women s privacy in Islam. 

Several types of nonemergency respirators are available for protection in atmospheres that are not immediately dangerous to life or health but could be detrimental after prolonged or repeated exposure. Other types of respirators are available for emergency or rescue work in hazardous atmospheres from which the wearer needs protection. In eitha-case, additional protection may be required if the airborne contaminant is of a type that could be absorbed through or irritate the skin. For example, the possibility of eye or skin irritation may require the use of a full-body suit and a fuU-face mask rather than a half-face mask. For some chemicals the dose from skin absorption can exceed the dose from inhalation. 

A person may walk on a pile of some bulk material that supports the worker s weight. The person may encounter a location that does not have the same load-bearing capacity and sink into the material. Someone might also fall into a pile of bulk material and sink into it because it cannot support the person s weight. Attempts to work free may simply sink the person deeper into the material. The material acts more like a fluid when disturbed. Many people know of this phenomenon from quicksand in movies and TV. There is a danger of suffocation if material seals breathing air from the face. In addition, the bulk material can compress around the chest and severely limit chest movement necessary for inhalation, also causing suffocation or asphyxia. 

Pneumatic tools are powered by compressed air and include chippers, drills, hammers, and Sanders. There are several dangers encountered in the use of pneumatic tools. The main one is the danger of getting hit by one of the tool attachments or by some kind of fastener the worker is using with the tool. Eye protection is required and face protection is recommended for employees working with pneumatic tools. Noise is another hazard. Working with noisy tools, such as jackhammers, requires proper, effective use of hearing protection. 

The importance of proper eye protection cannot be overemphasized. The U.S. National Institute of Occupational Health and Safety (NIOSH) estimated that in 1982, bums and wounds, such as cuts or scratches, accounted for almost 15 percent of all occupational eye injuries, of which 44 percent were caused by chemicals (79). Laboratory researchers frequently use chemicals, cleansers, and disinfectants that can cause severe injury if splattered into the eye. For example, concentrated quaternary disinfectants splashed in the eye can cause blindness. Personnel must be cautioned as to the danger and given instmction in use of personal protection for eyes, face, and hands. In addition, infection can be transmitted through the conjunctiva of the eye if a liquid containing pathogenic microorganisms splashes into the eye. 

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