F alcohol

Specific gravity 15.6°C. (60°F.) % alcohol by volume Freezing point ... 

Synthesis. Titanium alkoxy halides are intermediates in the preparation of alkoxides from a titanium tetrahaUde (except the fluoride) and an alcohol or phenol. If TiCl is heated with excess primary alcohol, only two chlorine atoms can be replaced and the product is dialkoxydichlorotitanium alcoholate, (RO)2TiCl2 ROH. The yields are poor, and some alcohols, such as aHyl, ben2yl, and /-butyl alcohols, are converted to chlorides (46). Using excess TiCl at 0°C, the trichloride ROTiCl is obtained nearly quantitatively, even from sec- and / f/-alcohols (47,48). 

Class 2 Molecules with active H-atoms and electronegative atoms with pairs of free electrons (0, N, F) Alcohols, acids, phenols, prim, and sek. amines, oximes, nitro compoimds and nitriles with a-H-atoms like hydrazine, NH3, HF, HCN, etc. 

Table 12 shows the chemical shift for the CH-CH part of selected (/ ,/ )-tartaric acid monoesters of amino alcohols, mainly well-known /1-blockers. As can be easily seen, the chemical shifts of the (R)- and (S)-amino alcohol derivatives lie within a narrow range, dependent on the kind of tartaric acid used. Monoesters of a-amino (/f)-alcohols with (R,R)-0,0-diacetyl- or... 

Chromone-2-carbonyl chloride (496) reacts readily with a Grignard reagent to yield a ketone (497) without the need to add iron (III) chloride or to maintain the temperature at -70 °C (81JCS(P1)2552> as is customary in order to suppress the formation of f-alcohol. 

This is a reaction between an M f alcohol (R-OH) and an acid (HPO42-) to produce an ester (a phosphate ester). Note that glucose 6-phosphate has a phosphate group attached to Cg, where Ci is the aldehyde carbon. 

FIGURE 18.1 Structure, names, and abbreviations of the applied cinchona alkaloids. The Cn modifiers depicted on the left preferentially lead to (S)-alcohols, members of the Cd family to (f )-alcohols. 

This system for the asymmetric hydrogenation of ketones has been employed in the asyimnetric activation using a racemic BINAP derivative. Combination of RuCl2[(5)-Xyl-BINAP](dmf) (Xyl = 3,5-C6H3-Me2) and (5,5)-DPEN gave the precatalyst RuCl2[( 8)-Xyl-BlNAP][(5, 5 )-DPEN], which exhibited 99% enantioselectivity in the reduction of 1-acetylnaphthone to the (f )-alcohol (equation 10). 

The catalyst composed of the mismatched ligands, (f )-Xyl-BlNAP and (5,5)-DPEN, was much slower and furnished the (5)-alcohol with 56% ee (equation 10). Employing racemic Xyl-BINAP and (5, 5 )-DPEN gave a 50 50 mixture of diastereomeric ruthenium complexes that reduced I -acetylnaphthone to the (f )-alcohol with excellent enantioselectivity (90%). 

Interestingly, when the precatalyst RuCl2[(5 )-Tol-BINAP][(S,5)-DPEN] (Tol = d-CeELi-Me) was employed in the reduction of 9-acetylanthracene the enantioselectivity was only 40% (equation 11). In contrast, use of RuCl2 [(/ )-Tol-BINAP][(5,5)-DPEN] resulted in a reduction of the ketone with 81% ee. Employing racemic Tol-BINAP and (5,5 )-DPEN gave (/f)-alcohol with essentially the same enantioselectivity as the enantioenriched (/f)/(5, 5 )-catalyst. 

Studies were carried out both with chiral ethanol and chiral neopentanol. " Figure 12 shows the anionic phthalate half-ester of (-F)-neopentyl-l- f alcohol crystallized as its strychnine salt. In this study the absolute configuration of the -0-CHD-C(CH3)3 group was determined to be (S) (Figure 12). 

The p r f-melhoxybenzyl group belongs to a class r>f alcohol protecting groups that are stable to basic conditions but can be removed by oxidation. Here DDQ (2,3-diehloio-5,6-dicyano-l,4-benzoquinouej is used to yield the free primary alcohol 3. 

An asymmetric reducing agent (49), prepared from LAH, (-)-)V-methylephedrine (14) and 3,5-di-methylphenol in a 1 1 2 ratio, reduces acetophenone with 83.8% A series of aromatic and alkynyl ketones are reduced by (49) to the corresponding (f )-alcohols (Scheme 1)P Some of the products are useful intermediates for the synthesis of 7-lactone insect pheromones. " ... 

A LAH complex (54) prepared from 2.28 equiv. of the amino diol (19) reduces acetophenone and pro-piophenone to the corresponding (f )-alcohols with 82% ee and 77% ee, respectively. The key feature of this carbinolamine-modified LAH reagent is a lithium ion chelate. 

F Alcohol is correlated with the occurrence of violent behavior, but cognitive, social, and environmental factors must also be used to explain the alcohol-violence association. 

F Alcoholics Anonymous was created in 1935 and its influence spans the world. 

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