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Extraordinary index of refraction

Figure 18. Refractive index dispersion in evaporated thin films of pure (triangles), monosubstitued (circles) and disubstitued fumrot (squares) (cf. Fig. 10). Full figures show ordinary whereas the open the extraordinary index of refraction, respectively. Solid lines are Sellmeier fits... Figure 18. Refractive index dispersion in evaporated thin films of pure (triangles), monosubstitued (circles) and disubstitued fumrot (squares) (cf. Fig. 10). Full figures show ordinary whereas the open the extraordinary index of refraction, respectively. Solid lines are Sellmeier fits...
Because the voltage on the electrodes is designed to change as the square of the distance from the center of the lens device, a square change in the LC index of refraction occurs if the LC is operated in the linear portion of its characteristic curve. Figure 5.5 illustrates LC molecules in their rotated positions as results of the different voltage levels generated by the resistor bias network in the device, n represents the extraordinary index of refraction of the LC material, is the ordinary index of refraction, and dn = > 0 is... [Pg.112]

The direction of the principal axes of the index of refraction tensor n can be described by the indicatrix. For isotropic crystals the indicatrix is a sphere. For positive uniaxial crystals it is a prolate spheroid (ns > n0j) for negative uniaxial crystals it is an oblate spheroid (nol > n,). For orientations away from the principal axis orientations, the extraordinary ray will have a refractive index h - intermediate between nm and ne. [Pg.83]

Birefringence, or double refraction, is the decomposition of a beam of light into two rays, the ordinary ray and the extraordinary ray, when it passes through anisotropic materials. Birefringence is measured as the difference between the greatest and the lowest index of refraction of an anisotropic and transparent material ... [Pg.38]

With the exception of those solids in the cubic crystal system, most ceramic crystals possess some degree of optical anisotropy. The index of refraction is usually defined in terms of two indices using plane-polarized light Mx, where the E field is perpendicular to the optic axis, and n, where the E field is parallel to the optic axis. The term optic axis refers to an axis of optical and crystallographic symmetry. A consequence of optical anioso-tropy is that when a ray of unpolarized light enters a birefringent crystal, the beam will be split into two rays, the ordinary ray (o ray) and the extraordinary ray (e ray). [Pg.404]

In these geometries, the sample cell is usually observed in the transmitted light with crossed polarizers inserted in 45° orientation to the director tilt plane. While the ordinary polarized light in the birefringent medium always experiences the ordinary index of refraction and is unaffected by the deformation, the optical path of the extraordinary wave is sensitive to the director tilt. Both waves are brought to interference at the analyser and the optical interference can be related in a direct way to the director deflection. Saupe first used this magneto-optical method with splay geometry to determine the splay and bend constants of p-azoxyanisol (PAA) [13]. [Pg.1047]

The classical meftiod to measure ftie index of refraction of transparent materials is based on total internal refraction. The instrument based on this method is the Abbe refractometer designed by Ernst Abbe in the early 1900s. This typically yields index accuracy of two units in the fourth decimal place, but it works only for materials where the refractive index is smaller than the glass prism (about n = 1.89). To measure anisotropic fluids with the Abbe refractometer, the material has to be uniformly (usually homeotropically) aligned between the prisms. Ordinary and extraordinary rays can be selected by using polarization filters polarized perpendicular and along the optic axis, respectively. [Pg.171]

Figure 3.27 (a) The ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices of Mg i nO films (x = 0, 0.24, and 0.36). The solid curves are least-square fits to the first-order Sellmeier dispersion. The index of refraction of cubic MgO crystal measured by Stephens and Malitson [17 is... [Pg.193]

Figure 6. The guided mode dispersion curves for a birefringent film and an optically isotropic substrate. Both the fundamental and harmonic curves are shown. The TE mode utilizes the ordinary refractive index and TM primarily the extraordinary index. Note the change in horizontal axis needed to plot both the fundamental and harmonic dispersion curves. Phase-matching of the TEq(co) to the TMo(2o>) is obtained at the intersection of the appropriate fundamental and harmonic curves. Figure 6. The guided mode dispersion curves for a birefringent film and an optically isotropic substrate. Both the fundamental and harmonic curves are shown. The TE mode utilizes the ordinary refractive index and TM primarily the extraordinary index. Note the change in horizontal axis needed to plot both the fundamental and harmonic dispersion curves. Phase-matching of the TEq(co) to the TMo(2o>) is obtained at the intersection of the appropriate fundamental and harmonic curves.

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