Extraction, solvent lignins

Sample 2 is run with a steam-exploded, solvent-extracted, aspen lignin. This backbone, provide by the Solar Energy Research Institute of Golden, Colorado as DJLX13, is an I-O-TECH process,... 

Various solvents are being investigated to dissolve lignocellulosic materials. Some approaches focus on the selective depolymerization and extraction of lignin and hemicellulose as pre-treatment to produce clean cellulose fibers for subsequent fermentation or for pulping. Other approaches attempt to dissolve the whole lignocellulose with or without depolymerization. The liquefaction processes that are carried out at high temperature (>300 °C), and produce a complex oil mixture, are discussed above with the pyrolysis processes. 

Bjorkman AJ (1956) Studies on finely divided wood Part I Extraction of lignin with neutral solvents Sven Papperstidn 59 477-485... 

Another case in point is the solvent extraction of lignins (Nimz, 1966). Are the propylbenzene oligomers found in the extract degradation products of the original lignin polymer, or are they precursors co-occurring with the polymer In any case, their identities have helped establish the structure of native lignin. 

Bjorkman, A. (1956) Stndies on finely divided wood. Part 1. Extraction of lignin with neutral solvents. Sven. Papperstidn. 59(13), 477-485. 

Methods for recovering lignin are the alkali process, the sulfite process, ball milling, enzymatic release, hydrochloric acid digestion, and organic solvent extraction. Alkali lignins are produced by the kraft (22) and soda (23) methods for wood pulping. These... 

Bjorkman A., Studies on finely divided wood. Part 3. Extraction of lignin-carbohydrate complexes with neutral solvents, Svensk Papperstidn, 60,1957, 243-251. 

TABLE 9.4 Product selectivity of Pt/HZSM-5 for lignin upgrading as a function of extraction solvent"... 

The extraction of lignin derivatives from wood chips was performed using r-butyl alcohol as the near critical solvent by Goto et al. [77]. The solvent reacted with the lignin at specific rate R giving lighter derivatives of concentration Cp in the pores at radial position r in each chip. These diffused away so that... 

Solvent extraction of lignin Ethanol-water extraction Benzene-water extraction Ethylene glycol extraction Butanol-water extraction Swelling agents... 

Hemicellulose [9034-32-6] is the least utilized component of the biomass triad comprising cellulose (qv), lignin (qv), and hemiceUulose. The term was origiaated by Schulze (1) and is used here to distinguish the nonceUulosic polysaccharides of plant cell walls from those that are not part of the wall stmcture. Confusion arises because other hemicellulose definitions based on solvent extraction are often used in the Hterature (2—4). The term polyose is used in Europe to describe these nonceUulosic polysaccharides from wood, whereas hemicellulose is used to describe the alkaline extracts from commercial pulps (4). The quantity of hemicellulose in different sources varies considerably as shown in Table 1. 

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