Extraction of Natural Organics from Waters

Processes available for the extraction of natural organics from waters include vacuum distillation, freeze-drying, freeze concentration, co-precipitation, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis (RO), solvent extraction, sorption, anion exchange, and non-ionic macroporous sorbents (Aiken (1985)). Many of these methods include chemical treatment that may alter the HS characteristics. In this section, the most common methods for the processing of large samples will be described. An important issue in NOM extraction is the recovety of organics. Minimising the loss of certain fractions, such as small compounds which are difficult to treat, is also important. 

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