0 extended standard model

This section will be broken into a number of discussions. The first will be on a naive 5(7(2) x 5(7(2) extended standard model, followed by a more general chiral theory and a discussion on the lack of Lagrangian dynamics associated with the B3 field. This will be followed by an examination of non-Abelian QED at nonrelativistic energies and then at relativistic energies. It will conclude with a discussion of a putative 5(9(10) gauge unification that includes the strong interactions. 

Consider an extended standard model to determine what form the electromagnetic and weak interactions assume on the physical vacuum defined by the Higgs mechanism. Such a theory would then be 5(7(2) x 5(7(2). We will at first consider such a theory with one Higgs field. The covariant derivative will then be... 

The principal purpose here has been to demonstrate what sort of electroweak interaction physics may be required for the existence of an 0(3)b theory of quantum electrodynamics on the low-energy physical vacuum. This demonstrates that an extended standard model of electroweak interactions can support such a theory with the addition of new physics at high energy. 

The last term vanishes since the A(3) photon is found to be very massive in an examination of this approach to electromagnetism embedded in an extended standard model. These issues will be discussed later. This photon decays away and so the A(3) potential is very short ranged 10 17 cm and is of no consequence to quantum optics. Let V x A( l = By11. Now compute Maxwell s equation, where 3> = V + ie/h) A + A(2>) is a covariant form of V... 

In a real chain segment-segment correlations extend beyond nearest neighbour distances. The standard model to treat the local statistics of a chain, which includes the local stiffness, would be the rotational isomeric state (RIS) [211] formalism. For a mode description as required for an evaluation of the chain motion it is more appropriate to consider the so-called all-rotational state (ARS) model [212], which describes the chain statistics in terms of orthogonal Rouse modes. It can be shown that both approaches are formally equivalent and only differ in the choice of the orthonormal basis for the representation of statistical weights. In the ARS approach the characteristic ratio of the RIS-model becomes mode dependent. 

Another very appealing property of extended mixture models in PAT is the ability to explicitly account for interferences or interfering effects that cannot be present in the calibration standards. In such a case, the challenge is determining a sufficiently accurate spectral basis for the interference(s), although these can be estimated from specialized experiments or library spectra. One extension of the CLS method, prediction augmented CLS (PACLS) [50] uses results from actual predictions on process samples to determine such an interference spectral basis. 

---