Extended Fowkes method

Extended Fowkes method. Kitazaki et al. [23] further refined the OWRK model by splitting the dipole-dipole interactions into polar and H-bonding interactions. Accordingly, both ysv and /lv comprise three components d for dispersion, p for polar, and h for H-bonding (Eq, 7.13), and they all take the form of geometrical mean (Eqs. 7.14 and 7.15). 

In addition to the methods discussed above, there are a few other solid surface tension determination methods, such as the Wu method [29, 30] and the Schultz methods [31, 32], which also fall into the category of partitioning surface tensions into independent components. Wu used the harmonic means to describe the interfacial surface tension instead of the geometric mean, based on a few slightly different assumptions to derive the equations for Wu s model. The Schultz methods can be considered as a special case of the extended Fowkes method. The contact angle of a polar liquid (usually water) on the solid is conducted in another nonpolar liquid medium (e.g., pure hydrocarbon compounds), or the contact angle of a nonpolar liquid on the solid is measured in another polar liquid medium. 

Keywords Solid surface tension Solid surface energy Contact angle Work of adhesion Zisman method Surface tension component mefliod Fowkes method Owais-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble mefliod Extended Fowkes mefliod Equation of state... 

The surface tension component method assumes that surface tension can be partitioned into different components, which address different intermolecular interactions individually. The overall surface tension will be the sum of all the components according to the linear free energy relationship. In the original Fowkes method [14], only the dispersion interaction is considered. The component method has been subsequentiy extended to include polar component and later divided the polar component into dipolar interaction and H-bonding interaction. The vOCG model appeared as a refined version of the surface tension component methodology. It assumes the existence of both additive and nonadditive components. The Lifshitz-van der Waals component (/ ) is additive, and the electron donor and acceptor components (7 and 7" ) are nonadditive. The solid surface tension (7sv) can be calculated by using three Uquids with known y, y and y values. Since this is a semiempirical approach, the calcu-... 

Fowkes and coworkers extended Drago s methods to polymers and solid surfaces and have determined C and E values for them. ° Furthermore, Fowkes suggested that acid-base interactions often dominate the attraction that occurs between a liquid and a solid. He proposed, in general, that the thermodynamic work of adhesion is given by ... 

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