Exposure Intervention and Systematic Desensitization

Systematic desensitization and exposure techniques are used to assist those who suffer from anxiety symptoms however, this technique is generally regarded as the treatment of choice for specific phobias (Plaud Vavrovsky, 1998). Using this in combination with in vivo techniques (real-life experiences) appears to have an even greater effect than that produced by simulating an experience in the office setting only (Marshall, 

Utilizing behavioral therapy that involves exposure and response prevention can be particularly effective in reducing panic symptoms (O Sullivan Marks, 1990). Where systematic desensitization has been used some clients find it particularly helpful when exposure to the anxiety-producing stimuli has been long enough to allow the anxiety to be markedly reduced (Marshall, 1996). Similarly, exposure to the feared stimulus is thought to be most effective when internal and external distractions from the phobic object or situation are minimized (Foa Kozak, 1986). Treatment of this type requires that the client be systematically exposed to the object or situation that provokes the fear and the subsequent avoidance. 

Based on client readiness to proceed to more difficult situations, the social worker continues the steps in the hierarchy. Each successive step is addressed until the client is able to complete the task at or below the contracted level of anxiety. The entire sequence of events is completed primarily through homework exercise and is typically completed in six to eight individual sessions. 

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