Explosives riveting

Lawson, USP 2556465 (1951)(Improvements in explosive rivets and in charges used in them)... 

A.H.Holtzman G.R.Cowan, Ordn 50,536, March-April 1966 (Explosive rivets were introduced in 1940 for fastening purposes particularly for the aircraft industry. Early expl rivets for aircraft were made of Al more recently, high temp alloys such.as Inconel X have been employed)... 

Uses Can be used in detonators when initiated by another primary expl and functioning as an intermediate booster or when mixed with another primary exp to increase the sensitivity of the latter to flame or heat. Its mixture with LA was patented by Dynamit AG (Ref 8) for use in explosive rivets. Tetracene can also be used in primer caps where as little as 2% in the compn results in improved uniformity of percussion sensitivity... 

In 1937 rivets containing a small explosive charge in their shanks were constructed (Aircraft Factory Heinkel and Rheinisch-Westphalische Sprengstoff A. G. [131]). The composition of the explosive mixture is so selected that a slight explosion occurs on heating the head of the rivet with a hot iron. The explosion causes an expansion of the shank thus fixing the rivet in place. Explosive rivets have found wide application primarily for riveting aircraft components in which rivets are not accessible from both sides of the riveted surface. 

Burrows Inventions L.A.Burrows, during his work with the DuPont Co, obt many patents on explosives, igniters, initiators, fuses, explosive rivets, electric squibs, etc... 

Rivets, Explosive. See under Explosive Rivets or Other Fastening Devices in Vol 6, E442-R to E445-L... 

Von Herz patented explosives for explosion rivets. Allison patented a smokeless powder the grains of which are coated with phthalide, which serves as a deterrent. 

The practical use is limited to detonators which are initiated by another primary explosive and tetrazene is used as an intermediate booster or when mixed with another primary explosive to increase its sensitivity to flame or spark. The mixture tetrazene was used in explosive rivets (Vol III, p. 240), Pynamit A.G. patented [150] mixtures of tetrazene with lead azide for this purpose. 

Lawson, USP 2556465 (1951)(Improvements in explosive rivets and in charges used in them) 10)E=R.von Hers, Esplosivstoffe 1954, 29-38 (Expl rivet called in Ger Sprengniet contained Hexanitromannitol 25, Tetracene 10 Al powder 65%. Several figs are included in paper) lUT.Tsukii S. Kikuchi, Jap P4443 (1954)... 

Project fastening devices like explosive rivets (used in inaccessible places) which contain small explosive charges and which are initiated when the head of the rivet is touched by a heat source. 

Explosive riveting has been used for over 60 years and was originally designed for rivets where backup space was insufficient for normal processing. Applications include automobile brake shoes, aircraft industry, tanks, and other military vehicles. 

The typical rivet is hollow and filled with explosive which can be detonated either thermally or by an electric charge. A typical sequence of explosive riveting is shown in Fig. 14.4. 

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