Experimental techniques dilatometry

For thin polystyrene films annealed for 12 hours at 150 °C in high vacuum (10-6 mbar) and measured in a pure nitrogen atmosphere the dynamic glass transition was characterized using two experimental techniques capacitive scanning dilatometry and Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy. Data from the first method are presented in Fig. 15a, showing the real part of the complex capacity at 1 MHz as a function of temperature for a thin PS film of 33 nm. 

The turn of the twentieth century brought to play a convergence of many experimental techniques and theoretical developments in the investigation and understanding of polymorphism. Experimentally, hot stage microscopy (Lehmann 1891), dilatometry. 

The chain reaction process can be used as a diagnostic aid to determine whether free radicals are generated from a drug when irradiated. Acrylamide is an acrylic monomer, which is widely used in gel electrophoresis, as a polymer formed in situ by peroxide or UV-initiated polymerization. This monomer is a water soluble solid, more easily handled than most other vinyl monomers, and the progress of its polymerization can be readily followed by measuring its contraction in volume utilizing dilatometry, or its increase in viscosity in a viscometer. Details of this experimental technique can be found in Moore and Burt (18). 

The classic method for the experimental determination of the glass transition temperature is dilatometry. Thus, as briefly mentioned in Chapter 1, the temperature dependence of the specific volume is determined by a suitable technique, and the temperature at the change in slope upon cooling is taken as Tg. Such a plot is indicated in Figure 5-1, where it is shown that the Tg is... 

Here we show that it is possible to obtain information on hole morphology in polymers, as well as changes in morphology due to external stimuli, by coupling PALS and dilatometry techniques and comparing the experimental results with the theoretical evaluation of the flee volume via the S-S equation [Simha and Somcynsky,... 

To obtain reliable experimental data and to correctly interpret them, we used such physicochemical and analytical techniques as dilatometry, viscometiy, UV and IR... 

To obtain reliable experimental data and to correctly interpret them, we used such physicochemical and analytical techniques as dilatometry, viscometiy, UV and IR spectroscopy, electroiuc paramagnetic resonance, Raman light scattering spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and gas-liquid chromatography. To analyze the properties of polymeric dispersions, the turbidity spectrum method was used, and the efficiency of flocculants was estimated gravimetrically and by the sedimentation speed of special water-suspended imitators (e.g. copper oxide). 

In this section experimental results are discussed, concerned with analyses of melting and crystallization kinetics, as well as reversibility of the phase transition. The frame of the discussion is set by Fig. 3.76, which will be supported by experimental data on poly(oxyethylene). The thermal analysis tools involved are TMDSC, optical and atomic-force microscopy, DSC, adiabatic calorimetry, and dilatometry. Most of these techniques are described in more detail in Chap. 4. Results from isothermal crystallization, and reorganization are attempted to be fitted to the Avrami equation. This is followed by a short remark on crystallization regimes and finally some data are presented on the polymerization and crystallization of trioxane crystals. 

If the pressure coefficient and the enthalpy of the transition are known, the volume change of the transition can be calculated. From the value obtained above for the latent heat, Equation (1) predicts a volume increase, SV/V, of order 0.1 % at the LCOT for the Mw=85K P(rf-S-Ii-nBMA) at atmospheric pressure. To confirm the volume change experimentally, dilatometric techniques are usually employed, where mercury displacement in a fine bore capillary provides the high precision necessary to detect such small changes. Although dilatometry studies are in progress, x-ray reflectivity was employed as an altmiative route to access bV/V experimentally where a high precision in the measurement of thickness can be achieved. 

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