Experimental methods interferometers

The second refractivity virial coefficient is usually small compared with the second density virial coefficient, and so estimates can be made for B . Details of the experimental method of refractive index measurement using a Michelson interferometer at temperatures from 250 K to 340 K and at pressures up to 3 MPa are given by Hausler and Kerl [88-hau/ker], who also derive values for third density virial coefficients from their results. 

Fig. 2.6. Schematic illustration of the experimental setup for pump-probe anisotropic reflectivity measurements with fast scan method. PBS denotes polarizing beam splitter, PD1 and PD2, a pair of matched photodiodes to detect p- and s-polarized components of the reflected probe beam, PD3 another photodiode to detect the interference pattern of He-Ne laser in a Michelson interferometer to calibrate the scanning of the pump path length...

Another technique for studying the absorption of CO2 into water uses an interferometer to obtain the concentration gradients as close as 0.01 cm. to the surface (Bl) a cine-camera permits results to be obtained within 5 sec. of the admission of the CO2. Though various corrections are I c fiuired, it is claimed that this method eliminates convection difficulties and that resistances as low as 0.25 sec. cm. i can be detected. Experimental results for CO2 into distilled water show no detectable interfacial resistance, though, when surface-active agents (Lissapol, Teepol) are dissolved in the water, the values of Rj are about 35 sec. cm.. ... 

Howard has applied his method to high-resolution infrared spectroscopic data obtained by dispersive techniques and to both experimental and simulated Fourier interferograms. The method in the latter application explicitly renders the data as they would be observed by an interferometer having a path difference exceeding the mechanical limits of the instrument used for the observation. Details on both the method and its application constitute Chapters 9 and 10. 

It follows from (1) that the dependence of the atom yield on E and T found experimentally allows one, in principle, to determine the values of and 5. It should be noted, however, that the method can not be realised fully in the case of the simple interferometer described. For example the determination of S to an accuracy of 1 - 2 ppm, entails many practically insurmountable difficulties. 

These experimental modifications represent various applications of the Fourier method and all can be accommodated within the design spirit of Figure 1. Furthermore, the optical features of the Michel son interferometer shown in Figure 1 are only schematic. In the actual design and construction of interferometers which operate in the visible/UV region, several variations from this schematic representation have been implemented. 

Experimental Equipment and Methods 4A Schlieren/Mach Zehnder Interferometer... 

According to the theoretical analysis and experimental results, it can be imderstood that the experimental results of double exposure interferometer and real-time interferometer are same, and their processing methods are same too. So here just four experimental results of double exposure interferometer are given, like shown in Fig.39. 

Using the method of Pierce s acoustic interferometer, Meyer [3.52] measured the speed of sound in liquid Freon-21 and approximated the experimental data with an equation of type (3.1) having the coefficients... 

A standard case of application of optical flow visualization is the air flow around a projectile or aerodynamic shape flying at high velocity (Fig. 6). This application to experimental ballistic studies can be traced back to the middle of the 19th century when the methods had been invented in their simplest form. A tremendous push forward in the development of these methods was the availability of laser light, from which particularly the interferometric methods benefitted (Fig. 7). Finally, the combination of holography with interferometry facilitated the mechanical design of practical interferometers. 

Among these methods, the most applicable is the method 1, because of its accuracy, universality, obviousness, ease of mathematical processing of experimental data obtained, and ability for reproduction. Most often applied to measurements is the method of a fine slice using the Mach-Zender mirror (double-beam) interferometer (Figure 1) [14, 27]. 

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