Excess energy localization

Figure 3. The dependence of heterogeneity exponent h of reactive medium on excess energy localization regions dimension D/ for PAA solid state imidization. The notation is the same, that in figure 2.

The choice of dimension D, depends on the value of relation dhldm [9], At dm<0,6dh interaction of diffusant molecules with walls of free volume microvoid is small and transport process is controlled by fractal dimension of structure (structural transport). At dm<0,6dh on transport processes has strong influence interaction of diffusant molecules with walls of free volume microvoid, which are polymeric macromolecules surface with dimension >/(/)/ is the dimension of excess energy localization regions) [10], In this case Dt=Df (molecular transport) [9] is adopted. 

Using these general notions, the authors of Ref. [6, 7] offered the fractal models for polymers elastic constants description. The quasiequilibrium state of polymers structure is characterized by the criterion D = 3 [8, 9], where is dimension of excess energy localization domains. A loosely packed matrix is totality of such domains. The value can be determined within the frameworks of free volume fractal theory according to the equation [9] ... 

Platzman (1967) estimated that in the radiolysis of water the positive ion is left, on average, with an excitation energy of -8 eV this estimate was later lowered to 4 eV by Pimblott and Mozumder (1991). In any case, the chemical consequences of such excess energy of the positive ion is unknown, and it will be assumed that, at least in the condensed phase, the positive ion is ther-malized locally. 

The earliest equations for Gibbs excess energy, like Margules and van Laar, were largely empirical. More recent equations and NRTL and UNIQUAC are based on a semiempirical physical model, called the two-liquid theory, based on local composition. The molecules do not mix in a random way, but because of different bonding effects, the molecules prefer a certain surrounding. This results in a composition at the molecular level, the local composition, which differs from the macroscopic composition. 

The system process is also a general relativistic process [33,36,37,41,45,63] whereby electromagnetic energy is utilized to curve local spacetime, and then the locally curved spacetime continuously acts back on the system and process by furnishing excess energy to the system and process directly from the curved spacetime the excess energy is continually input to the system from the imaginary plane (time domain) [1,16,20]. 

Utilizing curvatures of local spacetime to provide excess energy from spacetime input into the various active components of the system process... 

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