Evolution of Metal-Forming Processes

The wire drawing is also an old metal-forming technique. The word wire has been used in the Old Testament of bible  

And they did beat the gold into thin plates, and eut it into wires, to work it in the blue, and 

A tandem cold rolling mill was built in 1904 in the West Leechburge Steel Company, and around World War II (1939-1945), the use of four-stand sheet rolling mill became common. In the 1960s, five-stand rolling mills were built. Since the 1960s, secondary rolling mills became common. 

In 1797, Joseph Barmah patented the first extrusion process for making lead pipes. The metal used to be preheated and ram was hand-driven. In 1820, Thomas Burr built the first hydraulic power press that was to extrude lead pipes (Sheppard 2013). The process was called squirting. By the end of nineteenth century, the extmsion methods were also in use for copper and brass alloys. Alexander Dick invented a hot extrusion process for nonferrous metals in 1894. North America has its first aluminum extrusion process in 1904. In 1950s, Sejounet introduced molten glass as lubricant in extmsion process. 

Deep drawing process also called eyelet dates back to 1800s. In this process, a sheet called blank is held at edges by a blank holder that is supposed to apply an optimum amount of force. The other portion of the sheet is forced by a punch into a die to provide a shape similar to a cup. It is possible to make a cup of complicated cross section. Necessary shapes can be provided to punch and die. 

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