Evolution, horses

From the kinetic traces for the slow k complexes, we precisely mapped out the difference spectrum for the intermediate state relative to the ground state [8b]. Comparison with the static spectrum expected for the intermediate later revealed that for these complexes, the size of the kinetic ET intermediate was only ca. 20% of the size predicted from knowledge of the static spectra. We therefore remeasured the I A kinetics with improved instrumentation [27], Figure 13 shows the time evolution of state I for the [ZnCcP, Cc (horse)] complex. The intermediate [I] not only decays more slowly than kp (Fig. 13... 

It is also apparent that the anti-Darwinian movement comes not so much from the present and past Pope, but rather from side-kick zealots - see, for example, the short editorial by Holden (Holden, 2005). As for myself, I would be more sympathetic towards the creationists camp if experimental evidence were to be provided. It is not difficult to conceive what this should be simply find equally old fossils of horses, dinosaurs, hominids, snails, cynobacteria, and sword fish. As long as this simple evidence is not forthcoming, it is probably safe to be scientifically very sceptical about the creationistic view (in this sense, it is almost funny that the creatioifists lament some small gaps in the theory of evolution). If you are interested in the creationist movement in Latin America and Mexico, in particular, see the recent article by Lazcano (Lazcano, 2005). 

Fig. 25 SFM phase images showing the transient PL phase at the boundary between the cylinder grains. In Frame 48, an array of PL rings is aligned along the grain boundary and grouped around a horse-shoe defect arrow). In Frame 249 the transient phase is annihilated into the +1/2 discli-nation. The total evolution of the PL phase is about 4 h. The frame number and the elapsed time of the measurement are shown. Reprinted from [111], with permission. Copyright 2006 American Chemical Society...

Wan L, Twitchett MB, Eltis LD, Mauk AG, Smith M (1998) In vitro evolution of horse heart myoglobin to increase peroxidase activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95 12825-12831... 

The reverse process,. e. the production of heat when work is done, was discovered at the beginning of the nineteenth century. The exponents of the material theory of heat, guided by the assumption of the constancy of the heat substance in nature, explained the evolution of heat on turning metals by a supposed decrease in their specific heat. Count Rumford showed, however, by experiments on the large scale that the rise in temperature caused by the boring of a cannon cannot be accounted for by the decrease in the specific heat of the turnings. In 1798 he was the first to state clearly that the motion of the horses, which were used to drive the drill, was the true cause of the observed rise in temperature. 

Lesho, E, Dorsey, D, Bunner, D. Feces, Dead Horses and Fleas. Evolution of the Hostile Use of Biological Agents. Western Journal of Medicine, 168(6) 512-516, 1998... 

Dating fossils is helpful to construct and evolutionary tree. Scientists can arrange the succession of animals based on their fossil record. The fossils of an animal s ancestors can be dated and placed on its evolutionary tree. For example, the branched evolution of horses shows the progression of the modern horse s ancestors to be larger, to have a reduced number of toes, and have teeth modified for grazing. 

Crone, P., Slaves on Horses The Evolution of the Islamic Polity. Cambridge, 1980. 

---