Europium electrochemical methods

Redox excitation mechanisms of Tb -chelates were studied by generating hydrated electrons in aqueous Tb " chelate solutions with known methods [25, 42 4] and comparing the results with those observed at cathodically pulse polarized oxide-covered aluminum electrodes [35]. It was proposed that in all of these cases the excitation mechanism is a ligand-sensitized mechanism in which the aromatic multidentate ligand is first excited by electrochemical steps. Then the excited ligand transfers the energy to the central ion, which finally emits with 4—> Fj transitions. These results were later supported by Richter and Bard [45], and their ECL measurements using Eu -chelates in nonaqueous solutions. In addition to Richter and Bard, also Yu et al. [46] have studied ECL of europium(III) chelates in nonaqueous solutions. 

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