European Southern Observatory

European Southern Observatory Karl-Schwarzschild str. 2 D-85748 Garching bei Munchenl pdierick eso.org... 

The author wishes to mention that this expression was coined by his own father, an admirer of science but not a scientist himself. Coincidentally, the same expression was used to the same effect by the Director of the European Southern Observatory, R. Giacconi, in the late 1990 s. 

European Southern Observatory, D-85748 Garching bei Miinchen, Germany... 

European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2,... 

European Southern Observatory(ESO), 3107 Alonso de Cordova, Vitacura,... 

European Southern Observatory, Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile... 

European Southern Observatory Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2 85748 Garching Germany... 

Planetary nebulas are so named because some of them, when viewed by telescope, vaguely resemble planets. In reality they are a thousand times bigger than the whole Solar System and bear no relation whatever to planets. The most famous among them is the Ring nebula in the constellation of the Lyre (M57 in the Messier catalogue). Other wonderful examples can be found on the Internet at the European Southern Observatory website (see Appendix 8). 

By their very definition, the sky sciences are an open area. It was international partnerships within the European astrophysical community that opened the way to economic and political unification. Indeed, Europe began in the sky, with the foundation of the European Southern Observatory (ESO) and the European Space Agency (ESA), and today, astrophysical conferences have become planetary events. We can only rejoice ... 

VLT Very Large Telescope, the combination of four 8m diameter ground-based telescopes and a set of 1.8 m auxiliary telescopes at Paranal Observatory of the European Southern Observatory. The telescopes can be used individually or as an interferometer (VLTI) providing very high spatial resolution. 

The bright emission nebula 1C 434 provides a spectacular background for the cold dust of which the Horsehead Nebula is composed. (European Southern Observatory/Photo... 

Fig. 5.2. Overwhelmingly Large Telescope (OWL) of the European Southern Observatory (ESO)...

Mirrors measuring 8.2 m in diameter (Fig. 4-13) were produced by the Schott Glaswerke for the Very Large Telescopes (VLT) of the European Southern Observatory (ESO). They are being installed in mirror telescopes at the observatory in La Sila, Chile. 

A. Muller (ed.). The Magellanic Clouds. A European Southern Observatory Presentation Principal Prospects, Current Observational and Theoretical Approaches, and Prospects for Future Research, Based on the Symposium on the Magellanic Clouds, held in Santiago de Chile, March 1969, on the Occasion of the Dedication of the European Southern Observatory. 1971, XII + 189 pp. 

Zerodur can be supplied in the form of disks, rectangular blocks, prisms, rods, and cut pieces. Thick disks which are self-supporting can be produced with up to more than 4 m in diameter and with volumes of about 8 m (equivalent to 20 metric t). Thin menisci which are not self-supporting can also be produced up to masses of about 20 t the largest sizes produced so far were the 8.2 m menisci for the Very Large Telescope of the European Southern Observatory see Sect. 4.3.1. 

ROSAT was launched on June 1, 1990, and is now collecting excellent sharp images of an expected 100000 new X-ray sources in the sky [4.40,41]. Another example of superb optical surfaces with Zerodur mirrors is the optical system for the ESO (European Southern Observatory) New Technology Telescope (NTT) with a 3.6 m primary mirror. Primary, secondary, and tertiary mirrors have been finished with extraordinarily smooth surfaces, and in connection with the active correction of the primary, this telescope marked a milestone in modern astronomy. 

The European Southern Observatory (ESO) has started operations of a telescope on La Silla in Chile that has a meniscus-shaped monolithic Zerodur mirror substrate of 3.6 m in diameter, a thickness of only 240 mm, and a weight of 6.5 t (see Fig. 4.62). The reduced weight has significant advantages for a lighter and more cost-efficient design of the telescope. 

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