European Photochemistry Association

European Photochemistry Association (EPA), 264 European Solvents hidustry Group (ESIG), See European Chemical Industry Council (CEFIC), 257 EVIK , ametryn, 67 Exaxol Chemical Corporation, 227 EXCEDRIN , asphm, 67 Excel hidustries Ltd., 171 EXOLIT , ammonium phosphates, 67 Expro Chemical Products hic., 148 EXTRAZINE , cyanazm, 67 Exxon Mobil Chemical Company, 227, 228 Exxon Mobil Coal Minerals Company, 227, 228 Exxon Mobil Corporation, 228... 

Photochemistry activities European Photochemistry Association (EPA) http //www.unibas.ch/epa... 

FIGURE 13.4 Plots of ln(ee(K) 3b/ee3b.totai) versus —ln(l — conversion fraction) for irradiations of (i )-3b in unstretched ( ) and stretched ( ) PEO films, and in unstretched (A) and stretched ( ) LDPE films at 296K. Points at each plot from bottom to top are vertically offset by 0.05 increments. Reproduced from Ref 77 by permission of the Royal Society of Chemistry on behalf of the European Society for Photobiology and the European Photochemistry Association. 

Fig. 10.6 Chemical structures of the brhverdin IXa (BV), phycocyanobrhn (PCB) and phytochro-mobdin (Pd>B) chromophores shown in the ZsZsZa configuration. Each chromophore forms (at C3) a thioether linkage to a cysteine residue of the protein. Reproduced from Strambi A, Durbeej B (2011) Initial excited-state relaxation of the bdin chromophores of phytochromes a computational study, Photochem Photobiol Sci 10 569-579, with permission of the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) on behalf of the European Society for Photobiology, the European Photochemistry Association, and RSC...

For a reviews covering the photolytic removal of protective groups, see V. N. R. Pillai, Synthesis, 1 (1980) C. G. Bochet, /. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 125 (2002) P. Pellic-cioli Anna and J. Wirz, Photochemical Photobiological Sciences Official Journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photohiology, 1, 441 (2002). 

Fig. 1 Left. Absorption profiles (logarithmic scale) of water (solid line) and two typical pigments found in biological tissue (dotted line oxyhaemoglobin, dashed line melanin), demonstrating the optical window existing in the near-infrared (NIR). Right Example of NIR transparency in biological tissue. Absorption spectra of the female breast on 44 year (filled squares) and 24 year (open squares) old volunteers. Reproduced from [1] with permission of The Royal Society of Qiemistry for the European Society for Photobiology, the European Photochemistry Association and the RSC...

The aim of this review is to outline the history of the first four decades of the European Photochemistry Association (EPA) after its foundation in 1970. The review is divided into diflcrent sections. The first one covers the preparatory work done by leading photochemists to lay the bases for the creation of the new Association under the auspices of the Council of Europe. The second section describes the foundation of the new Association and its first three biennia of life (when the author was directly involved). The third and fourth sections summarize the progress made in the following decades and the main events that characterized the life of the Association. An Appendix illustrates in detail the history of the EPA Newsletter (with which the author collaborated until 2004). For the first period this review article is based on documentation found in the author s files and on his memory and the remaining parts are based on the reports published in the Newsletter. The pictures are taken from the EPA-Newsletter and the EPA archive with very few exceptions, as specified. It is difficult to survey the history of forty years of life of an Association without making mistakes or omissions. Many apologies to the readers for any inexactness. 

The European Photochemistry Association (EPA) was founded in 1970 under the auspices of the Council of Europe. As quoted in Wikipedia, the objective of the Association is to promote the development of photochemistry in Europe and contacts among photochemists. The Association is concerned with various experimental and theoretical aspects of the interaction of light with molecular systems, ranging from basic knowledge and practical know-how in photochemistry to application in areas such as chemical synthesis, electronics, material science, nanotechnology, biology and medicine . 

The Foundation and first steps of the European Photochemistry Association (1970-76)... 

The birth of the APA has been of course a necessary conclusion of the scientific stream of the activity in Asian and Oceanian area in the past several decades. The pre-history had started more than 40 years ago, when the European Photochemistry Association (EPA http //www.photochemistry. eu/) and the Inter-American Photochemical Association (I-APS http // www.chemistry.mcmaster.ca/ iaps/) had been established. 

The launch of Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. as the official journal of the European Photochemistry Association (EPA), the European Society for Photobiology (ESP), the Asia and Oceania Society for Photobiology (AOSP) and the Korean Society of Photoscience (KSP). 

The Porter Medal, named for the late George Porter FRS, Nobel Laureate, is awarded biennually to the scientist who in the opinion of the European Photochemistry Association (EPA), the Inter-American Photochemistry Society (I-APS), and the Asian and Oceanian Photochemistry Association (APA), has contributed most to the science of photochemistry with particular emphasis on more physical aspects, reflecting George Porter s own interests. Three distinguished scientists. Dr. Ken-ichi Honda, Dr. Noboru Mataga, and Dr. Hiroshi Masuhara received the Porter Medal so far from Asia and Oceania area. 

EPA (1985) Glossary of terms used in photochemistry. European Photochemistry Association (EPA) Newsletter 25. Loughborough University, Leicestershire, p 13... 

Fig. 8.7 Synthesis of the rare earth tetrakis(P-diketonate) complex functionalized polymers (or copolymers). Conditions (7) thionyl chloride, reflux for 12 h, (2) 1-methylimidazole, 100 °C for 48 h, (3) rare earth tetrakis(P-diketonate) complexes, ethanol, room temperature for 48 h (Reproduced from Ref. [53] with permission from the European Society for Photobiology, the European Photochemistry Association, and The Royal Society of Chemistry)...

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