Euphydryas aurinia

Dahl et al. demonstrated that the release of methanol dramatically increases and can be substantially greater than the release of -2-hexenal when Manduca sexta larvae attacks Nicotiana attenuata plants [54]. Similar results were also obtained during monitoring VOCs induced by Euphydryas aurinia caterpillars feeding on Succisa pratemis leaves [55]. The emission of ethanol, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, ethyl acetate, 2-butanone, 23,-butanedione, and acetone from Arabidopsis roots has been identified by both PTR-MS and GC-MS [56]. The rapid release of 1,8-cineole and a monoterpene was demonstrated after compatible interactions of Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 and Diuraphis noxia with roots. But mechanical injuries to roots did not release any wound-induced VOCs, and the VOCs released were basically the same for the infected and noninfected roots. 

Penuelas, J., Filella, 1., Stefanescu, C., Llusia, J. (2005) Caterpillars of Euphydryas aurinia (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae) feeding on Succisapratensis leaves induce large foliar emissions of methanol. The New Phytologist, 167,851-857. 

The volatile emissions induced by caterpillars larvae (Euphydryas aurinia) feeding on Devils-bit Scabious (Succisa pratensis) are shown in the following example... 

The first study was by Penuelas et al. [203]. This revealed that Euphydryas aurinia caterpillars feeding on Succisa pratensis leaves induced emissions of large amounts of methanol and other VOCs (including monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and lipoxygenase-derived volatile compounds (e.g. (Z)-3hexenal and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate)). VOC release was monitored immediately after leaf attack (within the first hour) and after 1 day of continuous herbivorous feeding. Some of the VOCs observed at the start of the... 

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