Ethyltoluene

Mobil ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts can be modified to reduce the effective pore and channel dimensions. These modified zeolites allow discrimination between molecules of slightly different dimensions. Because of this shape-selective action, p-ethyltoluene is able to diffuse out of the catalyst pores at a rate about three orders of magnitude greater than the two regioisomers. As a result, p-ethyltoluene is formed with very high (97%) selectivity.333 

Ethanol instead of ethylene can also be used in alkylation of toluene334 with para selectivities up to 90%. Anhydrous ethanol was shown to undergo dehydration to ethylene, which, in turn, alkylated the aromatic hydrocarbon. The alkylation step 

Detergent alkylates are long-chain monoalkylbenzenes. The first commer- 

In other technologies340,341 a mixture of n-alkyl chlorides formed by the chlorination of n-alkanes is used directly in alkylation with aluminum chloride. 

In addition to a detailed review,342 alkylations are briefly addressed in reviews about homogeneous and heterogeneous electrophilic catalysts.343-349 

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High purity mesitylene, hemimellitene, and durene are often produced synthetically, whereas pseudocumene is obtained from extracted reformate by superfractionation. The composition of a typical extracted Cg reformate and the hoiling points of the nine Cg isomers present are shown in Table 5. Pseudocumene is separated in high purity (>98%) by superfractionation alone, whereas mesitylene, hemimellitene, and durene cannot be cleanly separated because of the presence of close hoiling compounds, eg, 2-ethyltoluene, indane, and isodurene, respectively. 

Common Name 1-Ethyl-2-methylbenzene Synonym 2-ethyltoluene, o-ethyltoluene... 

The compound in part b is 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene and that in part c is o-ethyltoluene or 2-ethyltoluene. 

Moreover, when the ring size is reduced further, very complex product mixtures are obtained. Thus (213, n = 1) reacts with potassium t-butoxide in DMSO to produce toluene, cycloheptatriene, ethylbenzene, 2-ethyltoluene, and isomeric 3-ethylidenecyclohexenes 150). In the same way 7,7-dibromobicyclo[4.1.0]heptane is ... 

When 7,7-dichlorobicyclo[4.1.0]heptane was reacted with potassium tert-butoxide in dimethyl sulfoxide in the presence of a C-H acid, elimination of hydrogen chloride, giving 7-chloro-bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-l(7)-ene, was followed by addition to the cyclopropene of the carbanion obtained from the C-H acid. The course of reaction was sensitive to several factors, among which the C-H acid employed was of significant importance. -Thus, when diethyl mal-onate was used several benzene derivatives were obtained and alkyl-substituted cyclopropanes were afforded, but in low yields. However, dehydrochlorination in the presence of 2-phenyl-propanonitrile gave 2-(bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-5-en-l-yl)-2-phenylpropanonitrile (1) and minor amounts of 2-ethyltoluene. ... 

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