Ethylene oxide reaction

Because of the low boiling point of ethylene oxide, reactions are generally conducted in stirred autoclaves at elevated pressures. Economic Aspects. A breakdown of saUent 1987 world supply and demand figures for HEC is given in Table 5. 

Ethylene oxide is a highly reactive compound, and so is used iudustriaHy as an iatermediate for many chemical products. The three-membered ring is opened iu most of its reactions. These reactions are very exothermic because of the tremendous ring strain iu ethylene oxide, which has been calculated (39). Reviews of ethylene oxide reactions are given iu References 40 and 41. 

A large amount of heat is released by the ethylene oxidation reactions. At 600 K, each kg of ethylene converted to ethylene oxide releases 3.756 MJ (3564 Btu) each kg of ethylene converted to carbon dioxide and water releases 50.68 MJ (48,083 Btu). Energy recovery and integration is a prime concern in process design (108). 

C05-0094. In actual practice, the ethylene oxide reaction of Problem 5.50 gives only a 65% yield under optimal conditions. Repeat the calculation of Problem 5.50 assuming a 65% yield. 

The stability characteristics of two different antiperspirant lotion systems were compared. Sample 1 represented an aqueous emulsion containing an aluminum salt. The internal phase consisted of stearyl alcohol and ethylene oxide reaction products, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate and polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate. Methylcellulose was used as a stabilizer and bodying agent. Sample 2 represented a dispersion of magnesium aluminum silicate in an aqueous system containing aluminum ions. Because of its com-... 

Ethylene oxide reactions, 20 636, 637-640 Ethylene oxide vapor... 

Hydrogen gas, 13 766 diffusion of, 13 764 storage of, 13 785 Hydrogen halides, 13 770 ethylene oxide reaction with,... 

Metallic electrodes, 9 585 Metallic fibers, 24 614, 618 Metallic films, conductive, 9 689 Metallic glasses, 22 576 Metallic gold, 22 701 Metallic halides, ethylene oxide reaction with, 20 638-639... 

Methine-containing dye classes, 9 503-504 Methine groups, ethylene oxide reaction with, 10 639... 

Thus, the ethylene oxidation reaction basically consists of the addition of a hydroxypalladium group to ethylene followed by the elimination of a hydridopalladium group in one form or another. This is representative of the large number of reactions of this type. Pi-complexing is likely a necessary feature of most of these reactions but this has not been established in other examples. 

In Example 9.4.5. the criteria above are applied to the ethylene oxidation reactions ... 

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