Ethylene oxide, dialyser hypersensitivity

Epinephrine, see Adrenaline Erythromycin, versus the new macrohdes, 21.269 Erythropoietin, pure red cell aplasia, 27.348 status and safety, 16.400 Ethambutol, optic neuropathy, 30.358 Ethylene oxide, dialyser hypersensitivity,... 

Dialyser hypersensitivity syndrome (SEDA-11, 219) (SEDA-11, 479) presents as an acute anaphylactic reaction, the symptoms of which range from mild to hfe-threatening. The cause of the syndrome is unknown, but affected patients appear to have a high incidence of positive radioabsorbent tests to a conjugate of human serum albumin and ethylene oxide used to sterilize artificial kidneys. This conjugate may be the allergen responsible. 

There may be more than one cause for this syndrome. Complement activation by bioincompatible membranes (H4) hypersensitivity to the ethylene oxide used in dialyzer sterilization, to phthalic anhydride, or to isocyanates (plasticizers) used in potting compounds present in the dialyzer caps and entry of bacterial endotoxin from the dialysate into the bloodstream may each play a role (B22, H4, 12). Hypoxemia and high serum levels of the C3a and C5a complement fragments would suggest complement activation (C2, H4), and peripheral blood eosinophilia and high plasma IgE levels would point to a hypersensitivity reactions. Fever and chills, on the other hand, would incriminate endotoxemia. 

---

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ , ]

---