1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolium

As reported by Griengl and coworkers, benzaldehyde, decanal, undecanal, and dodecanal were reacted with HCN in a two-phase solvent system aqueous buffer and ionic liquids 1 -ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1 -methyl-3-propylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, and l-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate in the presence of the HNLs from Prunus amygdalus and Hevea brasiliensis. When compared with the use of organic solvents as the nonaqueous phase, the reaction rate was significantly increased and the enantioselectivity remained good [51]. 

Table 41.1 Comparison of some properties of well-established ionic liquid systems with the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium [EMIM] and 1 -butyl-3-methylimidazo-lium [BMIM] ions.

The electrochemical reduction of TiCU and ZrCl4, in chloroaluminate melts and other molten salt systems, to lower valent halides has been fairly widely studied [4-7]. This has also been extended to studies of centered hexanuclear Zr halide clusters. Thus, ambient temperature AICI3 -1 -ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (ImCl) molten salts, both basic (40/60 mol% AlCls/ImCl) and acidic (60/40 mol% AICI3 /ImCl), were used in an electrochemical investigation of clusters... 

Fuller, J., Carlin, R. T., DeLong, H. C., and Haworth, D., Structure of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate Model for room temperature molten salts, Chem. Commun., 299-300, 1994. 

Matsumoto, K., Hagiwara, R., and Tamada, O., Coordination environment around the lithium cation in solid Li2(EMlm)(N(S02CF3)2)3 (EMlm = 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium) Structural clue of ionic liquid electrolytes for lithium batteries. Solid State Sci., 8,1103-1107, 2006. 

Tubbs, J. D. and Hoffmann, M. M., Ion-pair formation of the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifyl)imide in low dielectric media,. Solution Chem., 33, 381,2004. 

Chlorostannate and chloroferrate [110] systems have been characterized but these metals are of little use for electrodeposition and hence no concerted studies have been made of their electrochemical properties. The electrochemical windows of the Lewis acidic mixtures of FeCh and SnCh have been characterized with ChCl (both in a 2 1 molar ratio) and it was found that the potential windows were similar to those predicted from the standard aqueous reduction potentials [110]. The ferric chloride system was studied by Katayama et al. for battery application [111], The redox reaction between divalent and trivalent iron species in binary and ternary molten salt systems consisting of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([EMIMJC1) with iron chlorides, FeCb and FeCl j, was investigated as possible half-cell reactions for novel rechargeable redox batteries. A reversible one-electron redox reaction was observed on a platinum electrode at 130 °C. 

Sekiguchi et al. [46] have reported the recycling and re-use of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, [C2mim][OTf], after poly (pyrrole) synthesis by extraction of the unreacted monomer with chloroform. The ionic liquid was reused five times with little change in the growth CVs of the polymer. 

Also other electron-donating substituents can be used. Thus Reichel and Wilkes [454] observed that if 1 eq HC1 was added to a mixture of 49 51 A1C13 1 ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EtMeim), an expansion of the electrochemical window was obtained. The mechanism of the HC1 effect is unknown however, it is supposed that in these melts there is the equilibrium... 

Note BP W-butylpyridinium EMI 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium DMABP p-dimethylamino-W-butylpyridinium DMPI 1,2-dimethyl3-propylimidazolium PMI 1-propyl-3-methylimi-dazolium. 

LI4TISO12/EMIBF4-LIBF4/UC0O2 [19]. EMIBF4 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate... 

Note DMIm 1,3-dimethylimidazolium EMIm 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium PrMlm 1-methyl-3-propylimida-zolium BMIm 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium PeMlm 1-pentyl-3-methylimidazolium and HMIm 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium. 

Finally it should be noted that ambient-temperature molten salts such as 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride have been studied in connection with the solution of organics such as anthracene [475] or dimethylaniline [476]. Naturally, the classical high-temperature salt melts are prohibitive for organic batteries, which must work near room temperature. 

Hofman T, Goldon A, Nevines A, et al. Densities, excess volumes, isobaric expansivity, and isothermal compressibility of the (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate plus methanol) system at temperatures (283.15 to 333.15)K and pressures from (0.1 to 35) MPa. J. Chem. Thermodyn. 2008. 40, 580-591. 

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