Ethoxyquin, effect

In turkeys, natural diets with as much as 800 mg Cu/kg ration have no adverse effects on growth or survival. But purified diets are toxic to turkeys in three weeks, and purified diets that contain as little as 50 mg Cu/kg ration produce adverse effects (Waibel et al. 1964). Turkeys fed purified diets with supplemented copper show a dose-dependent increase in mortality and decrease in growth these effects are attributed to a copper-accelerated dietary deterioration (Supplee 1964). Turkey growth and survival are acceptable when fed purified diets supplemented with as much as 800 mg Cu/kg ration provided that effective levels of added antioxidant (0.02% ethoxyquin) and stabilized sources of Vitamins A and D are present (Supplee 1964). 

Wattenberg LW. 1972. Inhibition of carcinogenic and toxic effects of polycyclic hydrocarbons by phenolic antioxidants and ethoxyquin. J Natl Cancer Inst 48 1425-1430. 

Wattenberg, L.W. Inhibition of carcinogenic and Toxic Effects of Polycyclic Hydrocarbons by Phenolic Antioxidants and Ethoxyquin. J. Natl Cancer Inst, 48 1425-1430, 1972. 

Cabral JRP, Neal GE The inhibitory effects of ethoxyquin on the carcinogenic action of aflatoxin Bi in rats. Cancer Lett 1983 19 125-132. 

Rao, M. S., Lalwani, N. D., Watanabe, T. K., and Reddy, J. K. (1984). Inhibitory effect of antioxidants ethoxyquin and 2(3)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole on hepatic tumorigenesis in rats fed ciprofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator. Cancer Res 44, 1072-1076. 

The protective effects of zinc, butylated hydroxyanisole, ethoxyquin,and disulphiram against pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning in rats and mice have been studied. Disulphiram was... 

Bartov, I. and Bornstein, S. (1977b) Stability of abdominal fat and meat of broilers relative effects of vitamin E, butylated hydroxytoluene and ethoxyquin. Brit. Poult. Sci. 18, 59-68. 

Machlin, L.J. and Gabriel, E. (1982) Kinetics of tissue a-tocopherol uptake and depletion following administration of high levels of vitamin E. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 393, 48-60. Madiedo, G. and Sunde, M.L. (1964) The effect of algae, dried lake weed, alfalfa and ethoxyquin on yolk colour. Poult. Sci. 43, 1056-1061. 

The effectiveness of the appropriate FRI combination in stabilizing oils, normally sprayed onto expanded cereals, snacks and pet food is shown in Figure 3. The application of com oil to an expanded pet food at a level of 5% posed an unusual stress. The oil is stressed by the high surface area of the expanded food. Inclusion of oleoresin rosemary or ethoxyquin, or a patented ascorbic acid (Todd, 1989, 1992) provides varying degrees of improvement in shelflife as determined by sensory evaluation of the aroma, a key factor in dog foods. Aroma development correlated well with the Active Oxygen Method (AOM) for peroxide value determination. 

Cabral, J.R. and Neal, 6.E. (1983). The inhibitory effect of ethoxyquin on the carcinogen action of aflatoxin B... 

Comfort, A., 1971, Effects of ethoxyquin on the longevity of C3H mice. Nature 229 254-255. 

Before leaving the subject of calcium homeostasis, it is perhaps worth mentioning that some inducers of the hepatic hydroxylating enzymes involved in detoxication (see below) can cause osteomalacia on chronic administration. Such enzyme inducers include the antioxidant ethoxyquin and some anticonvulsant drugs. Their mode of action is far from clear but possibly results from their effects on metabolism of vitamin D in the liver. 

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