Ethosuximide topiramate

At least three drugs are effective against absence seizures. Two are nonsedating and therefore preferred ethosuximide and valproate. Clonazepam is also highly effective but has disadvantages of dose-related adverse effects and development of tolerance. Lamotrigine and topiramate may also be useful. 

For simple and complex partial seizures and secondary generalized tonic-clonic seizures, the first line drugs are - carbamazepine, valproate and phenytoin. Second line drugs include - acetazolamide, clobazam, clonazepam, ethosuximide, felbamate, gabapentin, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxacarbamazepine, primidone, tiagabine, topiramate and vigabactin. 

For atypical absence, tonic and clonic seizures, first line treatment is with valproate and second line with acetazolamide, carbamazepine, clobazam, clonazepam, ethosuximide, felbamate, lamotrigine, oxacarbamazepine, phenobarbitone, phenytoin, primidone or topiramate. 

Carbamazepine can decrease piasma ieveis of acetaminophen, ciozapine, benzodiazepines, dicumaroi, doxycyciine, theophyiiine, warfarin, and haioperidoi as weii as other anticonvuisants such as phensuximide, methsuximide, ethosuximide, phenytoin, tiagabine, topiramate, iamotrigine, and vaiproate... 

Barbiturates phenobarbital 1 Benzodiazepines alprazolam, diazepam, i lorazepam, oxazepam Carbamazepine, ethosuximide, valproic acid, phenytoin, diazepam, lorazepam, gabapentin, lamotrigine, felbamate, topiramate, tiagabin, vigabatrin... 

Carbamazepine s mechanism of action is similar to that of phenytoin, blocking sodium ion channels. Ethosuximide blocks calcium channels benzodiazepines and barbiturates facilitate the inhibitory actions of GABA topiramate may block glutamate receptors and vigabatrin inhibits GABA metabolism. The answer is (A). 

Carbamazepine, ethosuximide, felbamate, gabapentin, lamotrigine, levitiracetam, oxcarbazine, pregabilin, topiramate, valproic acid, zonisamide... 

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