Ethanolamine processes design

In a number of important industrial processes, it is necessary to carry out a reaction between a gas and a liquid. Usually the object is to make a particular product, for example, a chlorinated hydrocarbon such as chlorobenzene by the re action of gaseous chlorine with liquid benzene. Sometimes the liquid is simply the reaction medium, perhaps containing a catalyst, and all the reactants and products are gaseous. In other cases the main aim is to separate a constituent such as C02 from a gas mixture although pure water could be used to remove CO2, a solution of caustic soda, potassium carbonate or ethanolamine has the advantages of increasing both the absorption capacity of the liquid and the rate of absorption. The subject of gas-liquid reactor design thus really includes absorption with chemical reaction which is discussed in Volume 2, Chapter 12. 

Scientific Design Company, Inc. Ethanolamines Ethylene oxide and ammonia Process offers high-quality product with wide product distribution 4 1979... 

An alternative approach to vinyl ether 3 was designed, which relied on a quaternary ammonium bicyclic acetal undergoing a Hofmann elimination. A requisite synthon for this process was aminodiol 44 (Scheme 14). An asymmetric dihydroxylation of styrene 41 afforded the corresponding enantiomerically pure diol 42. Activation and ethanolamine addition afforded crystalline 44. The single stereocenter contained in this substrate was the stereocontrol element for subsequent asymmetric induction. 

The process was designed to create high molecular mass, primary, secondary, and tertiary amines within the cellulose matrix of the book paper. The in situ generation of amines, together with free ethylene oxide, neutrahzes acidity and establishes an alkaline reserve of ca. 1 %. Ethanolamine generation during treatment is described as follows ... 

The medium particle non-black silicates, such as Zeolex 23, a synthetic sodium aluminum silicate, Hydrex N sodium magnesium aluminum silicate, and Pyrax hydrated aluminum silicate, are widely used in NBR compounds as they process well, are lower cost, and can be colored. The chemical and water resistance of these materials is poorer and needs to be a consideration in designing a formulation. These fillers impart hardness like N762 carbon black, about 3.5 phr for every Shore A point increase. The inclusion of silane, tri-ethanolamine, or polyethylene glycol is advisable with these fillers as well. If low water swell or chemical resistance is a factor a silane needs to be added or a pretreated version used. 

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