Ethanolamine formation

In a typical gas oil design, the lighter products overhead from the quench tower/primary fractionator are compressed to 210 psi, and cooled to about 100°F. Some Q plus material is recovered from the compressor knockout drums. The gases are ethanolamine and caustic washed to remove acid gases sulfur compounds and carbon dioxide, and then desiccant dried to remove last traces of water. This is to prevent ice and hydrate formation in the low temperamre section downstream. 

Due to the convenience of the Wenker aziridine formation from P-aminoethyl sulfate ester (4) and base, many improvements ensued. Leighton et al. improved the yield of the first step for the formation of sulfate ester 4. First of all, both ethanolamine and 95% sulfuric acid were diluted with half of their weight of water and then slowly mixed together at 0 C. Finally, by keeping the temperature below 145 C, sulfate ester 4 was obtained in 90-95% yield. 

The reaction of 5-methoxy-2(5//)-furanone 168 with amines was also studied (89T6799). The conjugated addition of ethanolamine to the furanone 168 gave the racemic amino lactone 275 (R = CH2CH20H). Similarly, piperazine reacted with two equivalents of 168 to provide the diadduct 276 as a single diastereomer (no traces of the other isomer were detected). With tryptamine, the reaction was nearly quantitative with the the formation the tran -adduct 277 (R = tryptophanyl) (Scheme 72) (89T6799). 

Figure 24-2. Biosynthesis of triaq/lglycerol and phospholipids. ( , Monoacylglycerol pathway (D, glycerol phosphate pathway.) Phosphatidylethanolamine may be formed from ethanolamine by a pathway similar to that shown for the formation of phosphatidylcholine from choline.

The synthesis of ethylenediamine (EDA) from ethanolamine (EA) with ammonia over acidic t3pes of zeolite catalyst was investigated. Among the zeolites tested in this study, the protonic form of mordenite catalyst that was treated with EDTA (H-EDTA-MOR) showed the highest activity and selectivity for the formation of EA at 603 K, W/F=200 g h mol, and NH3/ =50. The reaction proved to be highly selective for EA over H-EDTA-MOR, with small amounts of ethyleneimine (El) and piperazine (PA) derivatives as the side products. IR spectroscopic data provide evidence that the protonated El is the chemical intermediate for the reaction. The reaction for Uie formation of EDA from EA and ammonia required stronger acidic sites in the mordenite channels for hi er yield and selectivity. 

Allylic boranes such as 9-allyl-9-BBN react with aldehydes and ketones to give allylic carbinols. The reaction begins by Lewis acid-base coordination at the carbonyl oxygen, which both increases the electrophilicity of the carbonyl group and weakens the C-B bond to the allyl group. The dipolar adduct then reacts through a cyclic TS. Bond formation takes place at the 7-carbon of the allyl group and the double bond shifts.36 After the reaction is complete, the carbinol product is liberated from the borinate ester by displacement with ethanolamine. Yields for a series of aldehydes and ketones were usually above 90% for 9-allyl-9-BBN. 

Figure 3 Comparison of first order plots for the formation of hydrogen and of glycine salt during ethanolamine dehydrogenation over unpromoted skeletal copper under standard conditions.

Optically pure P-ethanolamines react with dichlorocarbene under phase-transfer catalytic conditions to produce epoxides of high configurational retention [30]. Initial reaction occurs at the tertiary nitrogen centre (Scheme 7.29) with subsequent cleavage of the C-N bond. The reaction is configurationally controlled, as shown by the reaction of the conformationally rigid cyclic systems epoxide formation occurs with the equatorial hydroxyl system (50%), but not with the axial hydroxyl compound. 

ET), which catalyzes the formation of CDP-ethanolamine, and (iii) an ethanolaminephosphotransferase (EPT), which finally synthesizes PE from DAG and CDP-ethanolamine. As discussed rmder PC synthesis, four enzymes have been cloned that can phosphorylate ethanolamine, two of which preferentially use ethanolamine as a substrate, and two which are more specific for choline. Only one isoform of ET has been cloned, which contains two active sites, but seems to be not as strictly regulated compared to its counterpart CT (Bladergroen et al, 1999a). 

Chloroethane, Chloroform, Diethyl phthalate. Ethyl acetate. Ethyl acrylate. Ethyl bromide. Ethyl ether. Ethyl formate. Formaldehyde, Methoxychlor, Nitromethane, Parathion, Phorate. Ouizalofop-ethvl Ethanolamine, see Ethylenimine, Morpholine Ethoxyacetaldehyde, see 2-Ethoxyethanol 2-Ethoxy-2-methylpropanal, see Ethyl tert-butvl ether Ethylacetamide, see Dimethylamine, Triethylamine Ethyl acetate, see Nitromethane, Tetrachloroethylene... 

The anaemia in B deficiency is caused by an inability to produce sufficient of the methylating agent S-adenosyhnethionine. This is required by proliferating cells for methyl group transfer, needed for synthesis of the deoxythymidine nucleotide for DNA synthesis (see below and Chapter 20). This leads to failure of the development of the nucleus in the precursor cells for erythrocytes. The neuropathy, which affects peripheral nerves as well as those in the brain, is probably due to lack of methionine for methyl transfer to form choline from ethanolamine, which is required for synthesis of phosphoglycerides and sphingomyelin which are required for formation of myelin and cell membranes. Hence, the neuropathy results from a... 

Other approaches to pyrimido[4,5- ][l,4]oxazines include the reaction of an ethanolamine derivative with a halopyrimidin-4-ol (Scheme 83), followed by ring closure <2006TL4437>. Formation of a pyrimido[4,5- ][l,4]-oxazine is also a competing reaction in a reported approach to pteridines (Equation 147) <1996T13017>. 

An example of solid solution formation by separate deposition of binary layers followed by annealing to interdiffuse the two layers is given for Cu3BiS3 deposition [32]. Bi2S3 (film thickness ca. 90 nm) was deposited at room temperature from a Bi(N03)3/triethanolamine/thioacetamide bath onto glass slides. CuS (300-600 nm thick) was then deposited on this film from a CuCli/tri-ethanolamine/ammonia/NaOH/thiourea bath at room temperature. The films were annealed at 250°C for 1 hr. Formation of the CusBiSs phase could be seen from the XRD pattern. Measurement of precipitated powders (prepared by putting the Bi2S3 precipitated in the first deposition in the CuS deposition solution) annealed at 300°C showed more clearly the formation of the solid solution. 

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