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Ethanol, Biofuels, Biodiesel, and Bioplastics

Biofuels have triggered a food versus fuel debate. A few years ago turning farms into fuel factories appeared to be a good idea and both Europe and the United States supported it. For example, the American Congress mandated a fivefold increase in the use of biofuels. Today these views and policies are being reconsidered because they drive up food prices, which in turn contribute to starvation. [Pg.54]

Biofuels and bioplastics are renewable they reduce the need for oil imports, but some of them cause more greenhouse gas emissions than do regular fossil fuels and others such as biodiesel plants also cause water pollution. When forests are cut, they not only stop absorbing C02, but the destroyed vegetation will release staggering amounts of greenhouse gases as they are [Pg.54]

Elsewhere, wood chips, sugarcane, switchgrass (also called Miscanthus), corn husks, prairie grass, or soybean and corn are being converted into liquid biofuels. Various waste materials are also used to make ethanol, butanol, biodiesel, and other substitutes for gasoline. [Pg.55]

By 2020 the EU wants to replace 10% of its transportation fuel with biofuels, while China is aiming for at least 15%. In the United States, 6 billion gallons of ethanol were produced in 2006,15 billion is projected by 2012, and 36 billion by 2020. In 2006, in the United States 250 million gallons of biodiesel, [Pg.55]

Post-Oil Energy Technology After the Age of Fossil Fuels [Pg.56]


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