Estimated curves

Eig. 18. Cost estimate curves for three types of pumps A, chemical end suction ANSI iron option (iron) B, spHt-case between-bearings type (iron) and C,... 

Figure 14-22. Steam rate estimating curves for single-stage turbines. (Used by permission Althearn, F. H. Hydrocarbon Processing, p. 87, Aug. 1979. Gulf Publishing Co. All rights reserved.)...

In Fig. 4.7, another case of A0, H pairs is shown when half the Bohr radius of the electron activator centre is typically about 1 A (e.g., for Tl° in KC1). Here a sum of two upper estimates (curves 5 and 6) practically coincide at all temperatures with the exact radius (curve 1) and with lower-bound estimates (curve 7 and 8) above 70 K. 

Figure 4.3 Estimated curves based on new ESD function and practical data of ESD12 14 17.

Fig. 7. Representative potentials of the low lying states of the Na + O collision system. The X, A, B, and C states are curves calculated by Langhoff and coworkers. The others axe estimated curves.

Figure 18 Calibration curves using an internal standard (IS). Analytes are quantified against an IS that has been added as early as possible in the analytical procedure. The ratios of detector responses for the analyte (fiA) and IS (R S) are plotted against the ratio of known amounts of analyte (A) and IS. When a sample is analyzed, the ratio Ra/Ris is measured. Then knowing the amount of IS added into the sample, the amount of analyte present in the sample can be estimated. Curves that do not pass through the origin of the graph or which are nonlinear are diagnostic of (a) chemical interference or sample carryover, (b) sample loss during the assay due to adsorption, and (c) saturation or cross-contribution between the IS and the analyte.

With allowance for the data of Ref. [26] Fig. 8. gives estimated curves for titration of silica with a particle size of 15 nm (182 m /g) and a dissociation constant of silanol groups pKa = 10. As seen from the figure, the account of influence of an electrostatic field of the ionized surface and a competition of hydrogen ions and sodium ions allows us to explain partly all anomalies of titration curves of silica without introducing supplementary postulates. 

An acceptable approach for analyzing an attribute that is expected to decrease with time is to determine the time at which the 95% one-sided lower confidence limit, also known as the 95% lower confidence bound, for the estimated curve intersects the acceptable lower specification limit. Where the estimated curve is assumed to be linear based on 24 months of real-time data and the lower specification limit is assumed to be 90% of label claim, an expiration dating period of 24 months could be granted. When analyzing an attribute that is expected to increase with time, the 95% one-sided upper confidence limit for the mean is recommended. 

Figure 8 Examples of model fit. Measured (symbols) and estimated (curves) concentrations of TMP-aldol, formaldehyde and TMP-triol. The decreasing curves TMP-aldol (upper), formaldehyde (lower). The increasing curve TMP. Experiments with pure water over NiCr.

Figure 1-24. Standard boiler price estimating curves (1978 basis).

Fig. 5. Arrhenius plots of the natural log of the equilibrium constant, Ka, versus lOOG/r for all experimental data Kq values from Table 5). The slope of the visually estimated curve is —E /R. AU laboratory run data are plotted for (a) controlled higher oxidation states, =22.1kJmol and (b) controlled lower oxidation states, E = 21.6 kJ moF ...

Comparison of experimental and estimated curves (Fig. 2.25) shows that Equation (2.18) satisfactorily describes the experimental data only when KEP-2 concentrations exceed 0.03%. A sharp change of the surfactant surface activity at this concentration is the cause of divergence between the estimated and experimental data. This can... 

Fig. 4. Calculated potential curves for the u states and the ground 0, state of Pbj. An estimated curve at the experimental T, is also given for the upper state.

Figure 3. Division of the observed photocurrent-potential curve for calculating a contribution of methanol oxidation. — observed curve and estimated curve.

The estimated curves yield more or less the values of the respective atomic quantities atomic diameter, dissociation energy and moment of inertia of the molecule. Concerning the errors made in the estimate, one has to note that in every case E lies really higher, while Ea lies lower, so that the typical character of the two potentials would be more pronounced. Since it is not our goal to compute the most accurate numerical values, but to obtain an insight into the physical situation of homo-polar binding, we restrict ourselves to this estimate. 

Figure 8.4 Grade- and temperature-invariant unified normal stress difference function estimated curve for UHMWPE.

Fig. 6 The relationship between the estimated curve and the actual construction of the foot-ankle module.

The theoretical curves in these figures follow quite closely the general trend of the experimental points. A change in the liquid space heat transfer coefficient will bring about an improved fit. In Fig. 8, for example, ifX is reduced to 40 Btu/hr-ft - F, a value indicated by the experiment, a considerably better fit is obtained. The estimated curve resulting from this is shown as the dotted curve in Fig. 8. 

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