Esters, conjugated, radical addition amines

Conjugate additions. Indoles react with electron-deficient alkenes at the P-carbon. Michael addition in water using p-ketoesters as donors gives quantitative yields. The addition of amines to unsaturated esters is favored by both the catalyst and pressure. Interestingly, YbfOTOj also promotes radical addition to A -enoyloxazolidinones. ... 

The usual conjugate addition reactions of ammonia or amines to a,P-unsaturated esters can produce the amino acids discussed in this section. Just as amides were seen to undergo addition to conjugated esters in section 3.1.B (see 3.42 and 3.43), amine stabilized radicals add in a conjugate manner to a, )-unsaturated esters. The product of this reaction is an amino acid derivative. An example is the reaction of... 

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