Essential resistant strain

Malaria affects an estimated 270 million people and causes 2—3 million deaths annually, approximately one million of which occur in children under the age of five. While primarily an affliction of the tropics and subtropics, it has occurred as far north as the Arctic Circle. The disease essentially has been eradicated in most temperate-zone countries, but some 1100 cases of malaria in U.S. citizens returning from abroad were reported to the Centers for Disease Control during 1990. Malaria is seen today in Southeast Asia, Africa, and Central and South America. It is on the increase in Afghanistan, Brazil, China, India, Mexico, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam. Escalation of the disease is because of the discontinued use of the insecticide DDT which effectively kills mosquito larvae, but has been found to be toxic to Hvestock and wildlife. Also, chloroquine (6), a reUable dmg for the prophylaxis and treatment of falcipamm malaria, is ineffective in many parts of the world because of the spread of dmg-resistant strains. 

Researchers from Takeda have isolated the antibiotics TAN-1057 A-D 29, 30 from Flexibacter sp. [67]. These (S)-/7-Lys-derived dipeptides have promising activity against clinically problematic methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The /7-amino acid moiety is essential for the biological activity of TAN-1057 A 29. The bisguanidine 29 seems to have a dual mode of action, involving... 

The next problem to be discussed is that of the carboxyl group. It is often stated that the presence of a free 3(4)-carboxy function is essential for the bioactivity of /3-lactam antibiotics. The diminished activity of compounds with a functionalized carboxyl group is beyond question. From the comparison of activities towards both gram-positive sensitive and resistant strains it was assumed that if a compound exhibits full activity, then in vivo hydrolysis occurs. This is not likely in the case of ceph-... 

Infections in cystic fibrosis are often due to Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Infecting organisms need to be identified so that the most appropriate antibiotics can be used. Antibiotics used to treat respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis commonly include ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, flu-cloxacillin and amoxicillin. However, specialist individual therapy is essential for maximum benefit to the patient and avoidance of the development of resistant strains of bacteria. 

Sulfonamides have wide antimicrobial activity, but their usefulness has diminished as resistant strains have emerged. These drugs are bacteriostatic, and host defenses are essential for eradication of the infection. 

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