Essential oils, solubilisation

Essential oils are extensively solubilised by surfactants, polysorbates 60 and 80 being particularly well suited to this purpose. 

Uses Solubilizer for perfumes and essential oils for use in pharmaceutical/cos-metic/veterinary aq. sol ns., lotions, shampoos Properties Yel. vise. liq. with possible si. turbidity, faint odor Toxicology SI. irritating to skin and eyes Solubilisant LRI [LCW France]... 

Textile dyes can be dissolved or solubilised in water to a greater or lesser extent, this being essential for all conventional dyeing processes. Since solubility in water is generally accompanied by insolubility in nonpolar solvents, most textile dyes have this property. Solvent dyes, on the other hand, are soluble in organic solvents but insoluble in water. Solvent dyes are used as colour markers for the many different hydrocarbon fractions produced in oil refineries. Although the concentration of dye is low, the vast volumes involved makes the overall dye usage considerable. 

As we have seen in section 6.3, the micellar core is essentially a paraffin-like region and as such is capable of dissolving oil-soluble molecules. This process, whereby water-insoluble substances are brought into solution by incorporation into micelles, is termed solubilisation and the incorporated substance is referred to as the solubilisate. The subject of solubilisation has been reviewed extensively and it is only possible in this book to give an outline of this phenomenon. 

Fat emulsions are used to supply a large amount of energy in a small volume of isotonic liquid they supply the body with essential fatty acids and triglycerides. Fat emulsions for intravenous nutrition contain vegetable oil and phospholipid emulsifier. Several commercial fat emulsions are available, such as Intralipid, Lipiphysan, Lipofundin and Lipo-fundin S. They contain either cottonseed oil or soybean oil. In Intralipid, for example, purified egg-yolk phospholipids are used as the emulsifiers, and isotonicity is obtained by the addition of sorbitol, xylitol or glycerol. Intralipid has also been used as the basis of an intravenous dmg carrier, for example for diazepam (Diazemuls) and propofol (Diprivan), as an alternative to solubilisation in nonionic micellar systems such as Cremophor EL. 

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