Esophageal obstruction

Patients with the following conditions should use laxatives only under the supervision of a health care provider (1) colostomy (2) diabetes mellitus (some laxatives contain large amounts of sugars such as dextrose, galactose, and/or sucrose (3) heart disease (some products contain sodium (4) kidney disease and (5) swallowing difficulty (bulk-formers may produce esophageal obstruction). 

I Unlabeled Uses Treatment of esophageal obstruction due to foreign bodies, toxicity associated with beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers... 

G. Other applications Micromedex notes that glucagon (rDNA origin) may also be used to reduce smooth muscle tone in the gastrointestinal tract. It has also shown to be effective in the treatment of anaphylaxis, biliary tract pain, beta-adrenergic blocker overdose, esophageal obstruction, and as premedication in endoscopic procedures. 

Pemberton, J. Esophageal obstruction and ulceration caused by oral potassium therapy. Br. Heart J. 1970, 32, 267-268. 

Paling A, Girbes ARJ. Esophageal obstruction an unusual complication of enteral nutrition. Care Crit 111 2000 16 224-5. 

Guar gum causes abdominal pain, flatulence, diarrhea, and cramps (22). It has been repeatedly associated with esophageal obstruction (23). 

Esophageal obstruction by a bezoar after ingestion of psyllium has been reported (4). 

Shuhnan LM, Minagar A, Weiner WJ. Perdiem causing esophageal obstruction in Parkinson s disease. Neurology 1999 52(3) 670-1. 

Kergin FG. Esophageal obstruction due to paraffmoma of mediastmum reconstruction by intrathoracic colon graft. Ann Smg 1953 137(l) 91-7. 

Rarely, the tetracyclines can cause esophageal ulcers. Patients with esophageal obstruction may be at inaeased risk. Demeclocycline can cause diabetes insipidus. 

Esophageal obstruction may occur if methylcellulose is swallowed with an insufficient quantity of liquid. Consumption of large quantities of methylcellulose may additionally interfere with the normal absorption of some minerals. However, this and the other adverse effects discussed above relate mainly to the use of methylcellulose as a bulk laxative and are not significant factors when methylcellulose is used as an excipient in oral preparations. 

Acepromazine maleate is advocated for use in the treatment of esophageal obstruction but, aside from its sedative effects, there is no direct evidence that it promotes esophageal relaxation. In one report using barium contrast radiography, acepromazine appeared to cause mild segmental dilatations in the thoracic esophagus (King et al 1990). The duration of effect of acepromazine is 2 to 3h and it may be useful in the treatment of obstructions that do not resolve quickly. The dose rate is 0.02-0.04 mg/kg i.v. or i.m. 

Opper, F.H., Isaacs, K.L., and Warshauer, D.M. Related Articles, 1990. Esophageal obstruction with a dietary fiber product designed for weight reduction. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 12, 667-669. 

Seidner, D., Roberts, I.M., and Smith, M.S. 1990. Esophageal obstruction after ingestion of a fiber-containing diet pill. Gastroenterology 99, 1820-1822. 

Noble, J. A., and F.W. Grannis, Jr. 1984. Acute esophageal obstruction by a psyllium-based bulk laxative. Chest 86 (5) 800. 

The chest radiograph is usually normal. Occasionally, an esophageal air-fluid level can be seen above an esophageal obstruction. Barium esophagram, the modality of choice, demonstrates strictures as nar-... 

Laasch H-U, Nicholson DA, Kay CL, et al. (1998) The clinical effectiveness of the Gianturco esophageal stent in malignant esophageal obstruction. Clinical Radiology 53 666-672... 

Gastrointestinal Bran is a natural fiber which undergoes considerable expansion and thickening when hydrated, and is currently being used for weight loss as tablets, which undergo expansion in the stomach and are expected to cause early satiety. These products can rarely cause severe adverse reactions, such as sudden esophageal obstruction [75 ]. 

Losacco T, Cagiano R, Luperto P, Bera I, Santacroce L. An unusual foreign body in the upper aerodigestive tract esophageal obstruction due to bran impaction. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2009 13 475-8. 

Bile acid sequestrants Colesevelam Binding to the nuclear farnesoid X reeeptor or the membrane receptor TGR5, where it regulates lipids and glueose levels No toxicity, no dependency of liver and kidney function Abdominal and musele pain, nausea, diarrhea and constipating effects. Associated with dysphagia and esophageal obstruction... 

The patients were elderly, and many had no symptoms referable to the esophagus until their admission to the hospital. Death usually occurred from perforation into a large vessel, the pericardium, the mediastinum, or the pleural cavity, although some died of pneumonia. Of interest was the fact that few exhibited symptoms of esophageal obstruction. Tileston further reported that the histology of such ulcers was identical to that of chronic gastric ulcer, and that the adjacent mucosa was gastric in type. He assumed it to be ectopic, because it lined the lower part of the gut in the mediastinum. 

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