Escape, evacuation and rescue analysis

If all other control measures have failed, then the final step in protecting personnel is to implement the facility s Emergency Escape and Rescue (EER) system. For this an Escape, Evacuation, and Rescue Analysis (EERA) is required. The basic principles of such a system are ... 

Two other techniques, ESSA and EERA, are used to assess the effects of major accidents. Essential systems survivability analysis (ESSA) is as its name implies analysis is carried out to see whether essential systems such as emergency shutdown (ESD) or fire-flghting systems can survive, say, flood or localized fire. Escape, evacuation and rescue analysis (EERA) is used in particular in offshore platforms... 

Escape Evacuation and Rescue Analysis lEERA) is used in particular for oil platforms to review whether Escape, Evacuation and Rescue are adversely affected by the Major Accident Hazards, e.g., two Independent escape routes should normally be available from all areas of the platform. (This can Include quantitativeassessments for, e.g., smoke fire and explosion.)... 

A bottleneck is a narrowing of the evacuation route, which causes a decrease of the evacuation velocity and may cause a congestion. Examples of bottlenecks are doors, stairs, aisles. With respect to the self-rescue model, where self-rescue of outdoor situations is considered, focus is on crowded locations, such as railway stations or public events. Within a quantitative risk analysis the location of the bottleneck is determined and (a part of) the population grid is assigned to be captured inside an area in front of a bottleneck, which means that the persons inside this (part of the) population grid, need to escape through the bottleneck, before being able to continue their escape (see Fig. 5). 

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