Erythroxylum novogranatense

Thus far, the genus Erythroxylum and, more particularly, the coca plant, represented by the cultivated species Erythroxylum coca and Erythroxylum novogranatense,... 

Novak, M. etal 1984. Biological activity of the alkaloids of Erythroxylum coca and Erythroxylum novogranatense Journal of Ethnopharmacology 10(3) 261—274. 

Cocaine is the benzoic acid ester of the tropane base methylecgonine. Only Erythroxylum coca and Erythroxylum novogranatense, shrubs or small trees native to the Andes, contain substantial amounts of cocaine in their leaves, i.e., up to 1% of their dry mass (Plowman and Rivier, 1983). If the coca leaves are dried or stored improperly, the cocaine content decreases rapidly. The two Erythroxylum species contain also other ecgonine derivatives, e.g., cis- and trans-cinnamoylcocaine and the truxillins, esters of methylecgonine with dimeric cinnamic acid (Fig. 4) (Griffin and Lin, 2000). 

Source Erythroxylum coca Lamarck var. coca (syn. E. chilpei E. Machado), E. coca var. ipadu Plowman E. novogranatense var. novogranatense Rushy var. novogranatense, E. novogranatense war. truxillense (Rushy) Plowman (syn. E. hardinii E. Machado) (Family Erythroxylaceae). 

Outside the Solanaceae, tropane alkaloids occur in two other plant families. Within the Erythroxylaceae, the genus Erythroxylum comprises about 200 widely distributed, tropical species found mainly in South America and Madagascar. Peruvian coca Erythroxylum coca) is the only plant currently cultivated for cocaine production, which occurs at concentrations between 0.2% and 1% (w/w) in the leaves (Griffin and Lin 2000) (Figure 4.5). A few other Erythroxylum species also produce cocaine, including Trujillo coca E. novogranatense... 

---