Erythrogenic toxin, Streptococcus

Streptococcus pyogenes can be an extremely dangerous pathogen it produces a series of toxins, including an erythrogenic toxin which induces a characteristic red rash, and a family of toxins which destroy the formed elements of blood. 

Weeks OR, Ferretti JJ Nucleotide sequence of the type A streptococcal exotoxin (erythrogenic toxin) gene from Streptococcus pyogenes bacteriophage T12. Infect Immun 1986 52 144-150. 

YuCE, Ferretti JJ Molecular epidemiologic analysis of the type A streptococcal exotoxin (erythrogenic toxin) gene (speA) in clinical Streptococcus pyogenes strains. Infect Immun 1989 57 3715-3719. Hauser A, Stevens D, Kaplan E, Schlievert P Molecular analysis of pyrogenic exotoxins from Streptococcus pyogenes isolates associated with toxic shock-like syndrome. J Clin Microbiol 1991 29 1562-1567. 

Reichardt W, Muller-Alouf H, Alouf J, Kohler W Erythrogenic toxins A, B, and C occurrence of the genes and exotoxin formation from clinical Streptococcus pyogenes strains associated with streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1992 79 313-322. 

Hensler T, Koller M, Geofiroy C et al. Staphylococcus aureus toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 and Streptococcus pyogenes erythrogenic toxin A modulate inflammatory mediator release from human neutrophils. Infect Immun 1993 61 1055-1061. 

Scarlet fever (sometimes called scarlatina) Infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes that produces an erythrogenic toxin. 

Colon-Whitt A., Whitt R.S., Cole R.M. 1979. Production of an erythrogenic toxin (streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin) by a nonlysogenized group A streptococcus. In Pathogenic streptococci, (Ed Parker, M.T.) Reedbooks, England, 64-65. 

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