Equilibrium constants table

These two reactions, which have been in industrial use for many decades, have equilibrium constants (Table 4.2) where it can be seen that the equilibrium... 

A word is needed about the assignment of rate constants to specific carbene spin states. Where a measured rate constant can be attributed with some confidence to a particular spin multiplicity, that multiplicity is indicated (i.e. XA and 3BA). Where the multiplicity is uncertain, the experimentally determined rate constant is reported and no spin state is indicated (i.e. FL). In the latter cases, the reported rate constant can often be viewed as the product of the actual bimolecular rate constant and the equilibrium constant (Table 8) connecting the carbene spin states 6 Griller el al., 1984c. This conclusion is reached solely from the analysis of products in C6H12... 

For the equation (CgHg) K+ + CgDg = CgHg + (CgDg) K+, the ratio of isotopomers before and after the electron transfer can be recalculated into the corresponding equilibrium constants. Table 2.1 gives the order of these constants and experimental conditions typical for their determination. 

For the aromatic carboxylic acids, substituents on the aromatic ring may also influence the acidity of the acid. Benzoic acid, for example, has = 4.3 x 10 . The placements of various activating groups on the ring decrease the value of the equilibrium constant, and deactivating groups increase the value of the equilibrium constant. Table 12-2 illustrates the influence of a number of para-substituents upon the acidity of benzoic acid. 

Scheme 40 shows a complete set of rate and equilibrium constants for addition of water to p-H-l+ and p-l and for deprotonation of p-H-l+ and p- 1-1 -011 -the phenol product of addition of water to p-H-l+. These rate and equilibrium constants (Table 2) were determined as follows3 ... 

The thermodynamics and kinetics of NCS-, CN-,871 Cl-, Br-, NCS- and I- 872 substitutions at [Rh(TPPS)(H2 O)] have been reported the reactions involved are shown in equation (169), and the parameters determined are summarized in Table 60. Spectrophotometric titrations showed two inflection points as OH- is added to [Rh(TPPS)(H20)2]3-, and the consecutive pKx values (7.01 and 9.80 at 20 °C) correspond to the pKk values for fac- and mer-[RhCl3(H20)3], suggesting that the TPPS6- anion and 3 Cl- ligands are comparable electron donors toward the Rh center.872 The trends in the equilibrium constants (Table 60) imply that Rhni is a soft (class B) add in these complexes the NCS- ion is presumed to be sulfur bonded, although no direct evidence is presented to support this assumption. 

Calculated from reaction 2 and the equilibrium constant, Table XIII.8. 

They extended the method to obtain values for bisphosphines for the first and second equilibrium constants (Table 5). 

Step 3 List Stoichiometric Coefficients, Exponents, and Charges List stoichiometric coefficients, exponents, and charges in equations based on the previously identified reaction equations and equilibria. Most of them are listed in an array form. For any two-dimensional (notone-dimensional) array, for example, AR(I,J), the I index is in rows, and the J index is in columns. The orders of elements and fluid species must be the same as those in which their names are listed in the EQBATCH input file, EQIN. However, there are several exceptions in the example presented in Appendix C of the UTCHEM Technical Manual. For the exchange equilibrium constants (Table C.13), exponents (Table C.14), and valence differences on the matrix (Table C.1S), the order is Ca-Na, Mg-Na, and H-Na. 

The plots of L.H.S. Vs [H ] in equation(3) gave nonzero intercepts and positive slopes at a particular temperature. The rate constants (Table 1) ki and equilibrium constants (Table 2) K2 and K3 were computed from analysis of the kinetic data, with the help of the slopes and intercepts of equation(3), by substituting the known concentration values. 

These domains were calculated using equilibrium constants (Table I) and corrections for coulombic attraction or repulsion. Rapid coagulation should occur in the proximity of the isoelectric line. Colloid stability is assumed to occur at positive and negative charges corresponding to a zeta potential of 30 mvolts fl8j. 

For the reaction model, it is assumed that the influence of pressure as described by Eqs. (6.17.9) and (6.17.10) does not depend on temperature. Consequently, the two reversible reactions of menthol formation can be described by the rate constants of the forward reactions and the two equilibrium constants. Table 6.17.1 gives the values of the respective parameters. 

Otsu and Inoue " reported that phenyl vinyl sulfide (PVS) and ethyl vinyl sulfide (EVS) also fail to agree with the trend in Table 10.14. It was found that EVS and PVS copolymerization rates with MA follows the pattern EVS PVS. The Alfrey-Price e values for PVS and EVS are -1.40 and -0.12, respectively,with the corresponding equilibrium constants (table in appendix to this chapter) of 0.090 and 0.035 liter mole . Thus, PVS should copolymerize much faster with MA than EVS. This shows the Nimoura and Susuki " concept does not hold in all cases. 

The monomers A-vinylcaprolactam (NVC), A-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP), N-vinylsuccinimide (NVS), and N-vinylphthalimide (NVPI), belonging to the class of n-donors, form nontransitory 1 1 charge-transfer complexes with MA having relatively high equilibrium constants (table in the appendix to... 

Using the CTC equilibrium constants (table in the appendix to this chapter) it is possible to calculate the true reactivity values for the CTC and for the neutral monomer. Raetzsch and coworkers used this procedure for the cyclopentene-MA and norbornene-MA copolymerizations with acrylonitrile (Table 10.23). The same technique was also used to determine the reactivity constants for several other donor-acceptor-neutral monomer polymerizations (Table 10.23). For the NVP-MA-methyl methacrylate system the true reactivity ratios show the NVP-MA CTC is about 3 000 times the reactivity of NVP and 600 times the reactivity of methyl methacrylate toward the propagating radical ending in methyl methylacrylate.Results of this type support the concept of alternating copolymerization of a CTC with neutral monomer. 

Catalysis by the four metal ions was also compared with respect to their sensitivity towards substituents in the dienophile. To this end the equilibrium constants for complexation of2.4a-g to the four different ions were determined. The results are shown in Table 2.6. 

Table 2.6. Equilibrium constants from complexation of 2.4a, 2.4b, and 2.4d to different metal ions (Kj) and second-order rate constants for the Diels-Alder reaction of these complexes with 2 (%cd) in water at 2.00 M ionic strength and 25°C. ...

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