Equilibrium constant greater than

Because XL.q is relatively large, the reaction proceeds as written and greater than 99.999 99% of the ethylene is converted into bromoethane. For practical purposes, an equilibrium constant greater than about 103 means that the amount of reactant left over will be barely detectable (less than 0.1%). 

For which of the following Bronsted bases is the reaction with acetic acid characterized by an equilibrium constant greater than 1 ... 

Use of the third law is not the only way to get large molecules of biochemical reactants into tables of species properties. If apparent equilibrium constants and heats of reaction can be determined for a pathway of reactions from smaller molecules (for which Af G° and Af H° are known with respect to the elements) to form the large molecule, then the properties of the species of the large molecule can be determined relative to the elements in their reference states. This method has its problems in that it is very difficult to determine apparent equilibrium constants greater than about 10 to 10 and the number of reactions in the path may be large and some of the reactants may not be readily available in pure form. Thus it is fortunate that the third law method is available. 

The above discussion suggests that there may be a number of reaction paths by which dolomite and calcite can decarbonate. Campbell has presented the evidence for reactions (1) and (2) being spontaneous at 600°C and at 1 atm pressure (1, 20). Metamorphic studies give arguments for all three of the above reactions having equilibrium constants greater than one at 600°C and 1 atm (15, 19). The conclusion is that, from a thermodynamic viewpoint, decarbonation of oil shale should be complete at 600°C. 

K is known as the equilibrium constant and in this case it has the value 2000. An equilibrium constant greater than unity suggests that equilibrium lies to the right-hand side and the forward reaction is favoured. Equilibrium constants vary with temperature, but not with concentration if the concentrations have been correctly expressed in terms of activities. 

Figure 17-1 Variation in the concentrations of species present in the A + B, C + D system as equilibrium is approached, beginning with equal concentrations of A and B only. For this reaction, production of products is favored. As we will see, this corresponds to a value of the equilibrium constant greater than 1. Brackets, [ ], represent the...

Recall from Section 4.6 that acid-base reactions are characterized by equilibrium constants greater than unity when the stronger acid is on the left side of the equation and the weaker acid on the right. 

Use enthalpies of atom combination and entropies of atom combination to determine if any of the following reactions have an equilibrium constant greater than 1. Find the reaction with the greatest equilibrium constant. Find the reaction with the smallest equilibrium constant. 

The typical exothermic interaction between the solute and stationary phase leads to a negative enthalpy difference and hence a positive value for the exponent in Equation (3). This in turn leads to an equilibrium constant greater than 1 and causes solute peaks to elute later than the solvent front. 

The values can also be used to estimate the equilibrium constants K. For example, if the of an acid is near zero, then the equilibrium constant for the reaction of that acid protonating water is near 1. Negative pAi values correlate to acids with equilibrium constants greater than 1, while positive values are for acids with equilibrium constants less than 1. Each single unit difference between pK values represents a tenfold increase or decrease in the strength of the acids being compared. 

Table 10.2 A shows the association constants for the hydration of several carbonyl structures. For ketones and aryl aldehydes, the constants are less than unity, favoring the carbonyl. However, aliphatic aldehydes, carbonyl structures with electron withdrawing groups, and carbonyls in strained rings have equilibrium constants greater than unity. In...

Reactions for which the sign of AG° is negative are described as exergonic those for which AG° is positive are endergonic. Exergonic reactions have an equilibrium constant greater than 1 endergonic reactions have equilibrium constants less than 1. 

The following reactions, carried out in water, have equilibrium constants greater than unity. Identify the acid species involved and sort as many of them as possible into descending order of strength ... 

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