Epoxy hybrid nanocomposites

Fro Frohlich, J., Thomann, R., Gryshchuk, O., Karger-Kocsis, J., Miihlhaupt, R. High-performance epoxy hybrid nanocomposites containing organophilic layered silicates and compatibilized liquid rubber. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 92 (2004) 3088-3096. 

Figure 7.22 Transmission electron micrographs of epoxy hybrid nanocomposites.

Static and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Coir Fiber/Montmorillonite Nanoclay-Filled Novolac/Epoxy Hybrid Nanocomposites... 

Fi Ohlich J, Thomann R and Mulhaupt R (2003) Toughened epoxy hybrid nanocomposites containing both an organophilic layered silicate filler and a compatibilized liquid rubber, Macromolecu/es 36 7205-7211. 

Lin, L., Lee, J., Hong, C., Yoo, G., Advani, S., 2006. Preparation and characterization of layered siUcate/glass fiber/epoxy hybrid nanocomposites via vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM). Composite Science and Technology 66, 2116—2125. 

If R can react with itself or additional components (R contains vinyl, methacryl or epoxy groups, for example), the result of the condensation process is a flexible network of inorganic oxide covalently bonded to organic polymers, namely a hybrid nanocomposite lacking interface imperfections. The properties of this hybrid nanocomposite are intermediate between those of polymers and glasses, and can meet unique requirements. 

The effect of polymer-filler interaction on solvent swelling and dynamic mechanical properties of the sol-gel-derived acrylic rubber (ACM)/silica, epoxi-dized natural rubber (ENR)/silica, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/silica hybrid nanocomposites was described by Bandyopadhyay et al. [27]. Theoretical delineation of the reinforcing mechanism of polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites has been attempted by some authors while studying the micromechanics of the intercalated or exfoliated PNCs [28-31]. Wu et al. [32] verified the modulus reinforcement of rubber/clay nanocomposites using composite theories based on Guth, Halpin-Tsai, and the modified Halpin-Tsai equations. On introduction of a modulus reduction factor (MRF) for the platelet-like fillers, the predicted moduli were found to be closer to the experimental measurements. 

Figure 24.4 TEM micrographs of systems containing 15 wt% SiOi, both produced from a bisphenol-A epoxy resin grafted with an amine alkoxysilane-coupling agent (a) epoxy/silica hybrid (cocontinuous domains) and (b) epoxy/silica nanocomposite (particulate silica domains).

Figure 24.5 Comparison of linear expansion as function of temperature of an epoxy resin controi with an epoxy/silica nanocomposite and an epoxy/silica hybrid.

Most work has been with free-radical systems but other chemistries can be used. Begishev etal. studied frontal anionic polymerization of e-caprolactam [18, 19], and epoxy chemistry has been used as well [20-23]. Mariani ctal. demonstrated frontal ring-opening metathesis polymerization [17]. Fiori et al. produced polyacrylate-poly(dicydopentadiene) networks frontally [24], and Pojman etal. studied epoxy-acrylate binary systems [25]. Polyurethanes have been prepared frontally [13,14, 26]. Frontal atom transfer radical polymerization has been achieved [16] as well as FP with thiol-ene systems [27]. Recent work has been done using FP to prepare microporous polymers [28-30], polyurethane-nanosilica hybrid nanocomposites [31], and segmented polyurethanes [32]. 

Srisuwan S, Thongyai S, Praserthdam P (2010) Synthesis and characterizatirai of low-dielectric photosensitive polyimide/silica hybrid materials. J Appl Polym Sci 117 2422-2427 Tagam N, Okada M, Hira N, Ohki Y, Tanaka T, finai T, Harada M, Ochi M (2008) Dielectric properties of epoxy/clay nanocomposites—effects of curing agent and clay dispersion method. IEEE Trans Diel Electr Insul 15 24—32... 

Hsiue, G.H. Liu, Y.L. Liao, H.H. Flame-retardant epoxy resins an approach from organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposites. 7. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 2001, 39, 986-996. 

The synthesis, upscaling and storage of the hybrid sol-gel materials can be controlled by applying different spectroscopic (e.g. RAMAN-, IR- and NMR-spectroscopy) and analytical (e.g. SEC, XPS) methods [10]. As shown in Fig. 6.4, the synthesis of such a hybrid nanocomposite coating is controlled by RAMAN spectroscopy. The epoxy-groups linked to the silanes which are contained in the system (band at 1258 cm [10]) are still present after the hydrolysis of the alkoxy silane groups, while... 

EFFECT OF THE CLAY TREATMENT ON CURE AND MORPHOLOGY OF EPOXY-POLYSULFONE-MONTMORILLONITE HYBRID NANOCOMPOSITES... 

Z. Wang and T.J. Pinnavaia, Hybrid organic-inorganic nanocomposites Exfoliation of magadiite mono-layers in an elastomeric epoxy polymer, Chem. Mater., 1998, 10 1820-1826. 

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