Epoxy compounds ethylene oxide

Epoxy compounds by oxidation of olefins—e.g., ethylene oxide by oxidation of ethylene... 

It is known that organotin compounds such as n-butyltin acid and di-n-butyltin dilaureate accelerate the hardening process of epoxy resins106) and initiate ethylene oxide polymerization 107). 

Another important kind of addition polymerization is the formation of polyethers by the opening of epoxy ring compounds. Polyoxyethylene ( Carbowax ) is produced by a sequence of additions of ethylene oxide to an alcohol or amine, as initiator ... 

Epoxy compounds are prepared by heating halohydrins with strong caustic solutions and, where possible, distilling the product as it is formed. By this procedure, 3-chloro-2-butanol yields a mixture of cis-and frans-2,3-epoxybutane (90%), which can be readily separated by fractional distillation. Another example is the conversion of 2-chloro-cyclohexanol to cyclohexene oxide (73%). The reaction is included in an excellent discussion of the chemistry of ethylene and trimethylene oxides, ... 

This group, commonly called epoxy, characterizes the epoxy resins. Epichlorohydrin and ethylene oxide are well-known epoxides. The compounds are also used in certain types of cellulose derivatives and fluorocarbons. 

Epoxy compounds by dehalogenation (actually dehydrohalogenation)—e.g., ethylene oxide from ethylene chlorohydrin... 

Urethane groups react with alkyleneoxides [(propylene oxide (PO), ethylene oxide (EO)], by the addition of epoxy compounds to the -NH- group containing active hydrogen, from the urethane groups. 

Ethylene oxide and other hazardous epoxides characterized by the presence of three-membered strained oxirane ring structures are discussed individually in the following sections. Miscellaneous epoxy compounds with low toxicity and flammability and low commercial applications are discussed in Table 16.1. 

The polymerization of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide with various active hydrogen compounds is the primary thrust of the present chapter. However, other epoxy compounds also undergo this type of reaction as is detailed in the chapter Polymerization of Epoxides and Cyclic Ethers of this series [5]. An example of the polycondensation of a complex glycidyl ether with a polyol, taken from the patent literature, is cited here for reference only. 

This definition excludes products based on the polymerization of epoxy compounds such as ethylene and propylene oxides. Although these products may be cross-linked as in, for example, elastomers (Section 8.4 Section 14.6) and foams (Section 14.5), the cross-linking reactions do not involve epoxy groups... 

Ethylene oxide is an epoxy compound, and can also be named 1,2-epoxyethane. Diepoxy compounds are commercially important as components of epoxy adhesives. The simplest diepoxy compound is erythritol anhydride, or 1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane ... 

Terminological purists will name compounds with 3-membered epoxy rings as derivatives of oxirane, the internationally recognized (lUPAC) name for ethylene oxide. Some properties of polyhydric alcohols are given in Table 6. 

Epoxy fatty acids occur either as 1,2-epoxy compounds derived from ethylene oxide or 1,4-epoxides derived from furan (fiiran acids). 

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