Epoetin alfa pharmacokinetics

Markham, A. and Bryson, H. 1995. Epoetin alfa, a review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use in non-renal applications. Drugs 49(2), 232-254. 

Pharmacokinetics Epoetin alfa IV is eliminated via first-order kinetics with a circulating half-life of 4 to 13 hours in patients with CRF. Within the therapeutic dosage range, detectable levels of plasma erythropoietin are maintained for at least 24 hours. After subcutaneous administration of epoetin alfa to patients with CRF,... 

Pharmacokinetics The bioavailability of a subcutaneous dose of epoetin alfa, relative to an intravenous bolus, has been estimated at 22% to 31%. The elimination half-life of epoetin alfa after an intravenous dose is 6 to 13 hours in patients with chronic renal failure. Mean clearance ranges from 0.032 to 0.055 ml/min per kg. The apparent half-life after a subcutaneous dose is 27 hours. Volume of distribution estimates range from 0.021 to 0.0631/kg. 

Macdougall IC, et al. Pharmacokinetics of novel erythropoiesis stimulating protein compared with epoetin alfa in dialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 1999 10 2392-2395. 

Taylor CA III, Kosorok MR, Zimmerman SW, Johnson CA. Pharmacokinetics of intraperitoneal epoetin alfa in patients on peritoneal dialysis using an 8-hour dry dwell dosing technique. Am J Kidney Dis 1999 34 657-662. 

Halstenson C E, Marcres M, Katz S A, et al. (1991). Comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of epoetin alfa and epoetin beta. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 50 702-712. 

Cheung W, Minton N, Gunawardena K (2001). Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of epoetin alfa once weekly and three times weekly. Ear. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 57 411-418. 

Arroliga AC, Guntupalli KK, Beaver JS, Langholff W, Marino K, Kelly K. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of six epoetin alfa dosing regimens in anemic critically ill patients without acute blood loss. Crit Care Med 2009 37(4) 1299-307. 

M. AUon, K. Kleinman, M. Walczyk, C. Kaupke, L. Messer-Mann, K. Olson, A. C. Heatherington, and B. J. Maroni, Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of darbepoetin alfa and epoetin in patients undergoing dialysis. Clin Pharmacol Ther 72(5) 546-555 (2002). 

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