Enzymes synergistic activity between

Assay of Endocellulase Activity. Cellulase is an enzyme complex a synergistic action between the components is required for a complete hydrolysis of the insoluble cellulose. There is no consensus about the substrate to be used for the cellulase activity measurements. 

Whatever the reason for the variation in the synergistic activity observed between Cx and the various Cx enzymes, it would appear that the answer must lie in the Cx fraction and the manner in which the various components interact with Cx. For this reason, we have looked at the Cx system to T. koningii in some detail. 

Systems to study the role of intestinal oxidative metabolism (CYP3A4) have been developed and appear to have adequate enzyme activity levels. Although there appears to be a relatively limited need for additional system development in this area, there is still a fundamental question as to whether any synergistic interplay exists between metabolic enzymes and transporters (i.e., does the presence of an efflux transporter influence the extent of metabolism ) and co-expression of CYP3A4 and transporters provides a pivotal experimental model. 

The development of catalytic asymmetric reactions is one of the major areas of research in the field of organic chemistry. So far, a number of chiral catalysts have been reported, and some of them have exhibited a much higher catalytic efficiency than enzymes, which are natural catalysts.111 Most of the synthetic asymmetric catalysts, however, show limited activity in terms of either enantioselectivity or chemical yields. The major difference between synthetic asymmetric catalysts and enzymes is that the former activate only one side of the substrate in an intermolecular reaction, whereas the latter can not only activate both sides of the substrate but can also control the orientation of the substrate. If this kind of synergistic cooperation can be realized in synthetic asymmetric catalysis, the concept will open up a new field in asymmetric synthesis, and a wide range of applications may well ensure. In this review we would like to discuss two types of asymmetric two-center catalysis promoted by complexes showing Lewis acidity and Bronsted basicity and/or Lewis acidity and Lewis basicity.121... 

If the mechanism of cellulase action can be explained simply in terms of sequential action of endo- and exoglucanases, it is logical to expect that Ci from one cellulase preparation should act synergistically with Cx from another, at least in those enzyme systems from which both Cx and Ci have been isolated. Synergism between Ci of P. funiculosum and Cx of T. viride has already been demonstrated (22), and the results in Table V show that "cross-synergism of this type is shown by many different mixtures of the Ci and Cx components of F. solani, T, koningii, and P. funiculosum cellulases. In each case, a marked potentiation in activity is observed. 

The possibility that BS and BI cellulase could act synergistically, as has been recorded for many components of fungal cellulolytic complexes (1,2), was tested in several assay systems by adding the enzymes separately or together at the same total activity levels (CMCase units). The assays included the hydrolysis of CMC, cellohexaose, and cellulose powder. The results (not shown here) indicated that the pea cellulases were no more or less effective when added together than when added singly, i.e., there is no indication of any interaction between the enzymes, or any preference by one for the products generated by the other. 

---